放射防护管理是保证放射诊疗质量和安全的重要手段。通过健全组织架构，规范制度流程，强化人员培训，加强档案建设，构建多部门联动工作机制，完善监督考核等多种方式，全面规范放射防护管理，有效提升了医院医疗服务品质，保障了医疗安全，其思路与方法可供大型医院医疗管理参考借鉴。
【摘要】 目的 了解学生对医院感染职业防护的基础知识的认知程度和学习需求。 方法 2010年3月采用自行设计问卷，对参加《医院感染与职业防护》课程学习的医学学生进行摸底调查。 结果 92.73%不知道标准预防措施和锐器伤后的正确处理方法及补救措施；27.27%不知道抽血时应戴手套；25.45%不清楚医务人员“六步洗手法”；90.91%不知晓工作服应交医院统一洗涤。 结论 学生防护知识薄弱，防护行为不全面、不规范。教学应重点帮助学生树立标准预防观念，掌握正确职业防护知识，在临床工作中以避免和减少各种危险因素的侵袭。【Abstract】 Objective To examine and evaluate the students’ knowledge and needs in studying hospital infection control and occupational protection. Methods Using a self-designed questionnaire in March 2010, we did a survey on students who attended the course of hospital infection control and occupational protection. Results Among all the students, 92.73% did not know standard prevention measures, and the correct treatment and remedial measures for sharp injuries; 27.27% did not know gloves should be worn at the time of blood drawing; 25.45% did not know the "six-step" hand-washing; and less than one out of ten students used hospital laundry to wash their uniform. Conclusions The students have a low level of relevant knowledge on occupational protection, and their protection behaviors were not complete or standard. Therefore, the teaching should help and support students to have a concept of standard prevention, and acquire sound knowledge and behavior of occupational protection in order to avoid and reduce the risk factors from their future clinical practices.
ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors for hematogenous occupational exposure by analyzing hematogenous occupational exposure in medical workers, and discuss countermeasures in order to reduce the occurrence of hematogenous occupational exposure in medical workers. MethodsWe summarized and analyzed the hematogenous occupational exposure reported by registered medical personnel in the First People's Hospital of Yibin City from January 2012 to December 2014. ResultsThere were 129 cases of hematogenous occupational exposure, and nurses were at high risk of such exposure (65.12%).The exposure occurrence focused in medical personnel with working time shorter than 5 years.The top three high-risk operational procedures were needle injection, puncture, and medical waste disposal; sharp instrument injuries (109 cases, 84.50%) were the main factor leading to hematogenous occupational exposure in medical workers.Sources of exposure were detected and confirmed in 92 cases (71.32%); after testing, 79 cases (61.24%) of infections were confirmed in the source patients with one or more blood-borne pathogens.Through scientific treatment, no infection after hematogenous occupational exposure was detected in the medical workers. ConclusionMonitoring and analysis of hematogenous occupational exposure can facilitate identification of key departments, target population and risk factors, which is important for taking appropriate interventions.
Light cannot be propagated within the range of photonic crystal band gaps. Based on this unique property, we proposed a method to improve anti-radiation capability through one-dimensional photonic crystal coating. Using transmission matrix method, we determined the appropriate dielectric materials, thickness and periodic numbers of photonic crystals through Matlab programming simulation. Then, compound one-dimensional photonic crystal coating was designed which was of high anti-radiation rate within the range of X-ray. As is shown through simulation experiments, the reflection rate against X-ray was higher than 90 percent, and the desired anti-radiation effect was achieved. Thus, this method is able to help solve the technical problems facing the inorganic lead glass such as thickness, weightiness, costliness, high lead equivalent, low transparency and high cost. This method has won China's national invention patent approval, and the patent number is 201220228549.2.
At present, the 2019-nCoV epidemic situation is in severe and complex period. In order to prevent the virus from invading and infecting, it is very important and urgent for medical personnel to protect themselves. However, in the process of using protective equipment by medical personnel, the performance of device related pressure injuries (DRPI) caused by pain, numbness, redness, and even breakage caused by the equipment has seriously endangered the health of medical personnel. This article, based on Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: Quick Reference Guide 2019, references, and clinical experiences of wound specialists in West China Hospital of Sichuan University, summarize the preventive and protective measures of West China Hospital for medical personnel to prevent DRPI, so as to provide clinical preventive measurements for medical personnel.
Objective To analyze the potential causal relationship between sunscreen/ultraviolet protection and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma using a two sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study method. Methods The summary data of genome-wide association study was used to select three types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, namely diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, T/NK cell lymphoma, and sunscreen/ultraviolet protection highly correlated genetic loci, namely single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), as instrumental variables. The reverse variance weighting method was used as the main method for MR analysis, MR Egger and MR-PRESO were used to detect level pleiotropy, and leave-one-out method was used for sensitivity analysis to ensure the robustness of the results. Results A total of 132 SNPs were included in the analysis. The results of the inverse variance weighted analysis showed that sunscreen/ultraviolet protection increased the incidence of DLBCL [odds ratio=2.439, 95% confidence interval (1.109, 5.362), P=0.027]. The heterogeneity test results showed that there was no heterogeneity in the causal relationship between sunscreen/ultraviolet protection and DLBCL (P>0.05). The results of the horizontal pleiotropy test showed that SNP did not exhibit horizontal pleiotropy (P>0.05). The leave-one-out method showed that no SNP with a significant impact on the results was found. There was no causal relationship between sunscreen/ultraviolet protection and follicular lymphoma and T/NK cell lymphoma. Conclusion There is a positive causal relationship between sunscreen/ultraviolet protection and the incidence of DLBCL.
Objective To investigate the occurrence of sharp instrument injuries among healthcare workers in a comprehensive teaching hospital and explore the risk factors, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention approaches. Methods A total of 1 180 healthcare workers with sharp instrument injuries between 2011 and 2014 were included in the study. Occupational hematogenous exposure monitoring and protecting system for health workers was established and optimized. The report and treatment process was standardized. Targeted monitoring system of sharp instrument injuries was developed. Sharp instrument injuries between 2011 and 2014 were systematically collected and analyzed. Results Between 2011 and 2014, there were 1 180 health workers who had sharp instrument injuries. Health workers had the highest rate of exposure to hepatitis B virus(41.06%), followed by syphilis (13.35%). Syringe needles (27.54%), suture needles (24.15%) and scalp needles (19.58%) were the instruments that caused most of the injuries. We constructed occupational exposure records for all those with sharp instrument injuries, and performed regular follow-up. No hematogenous infections were found because of sharp instrument injuries. Conclusions Sharp instrument injuries are common in healthcare institutions. It is important to establish and perfect the occupational exposure monitoring and protecting system, so as to reduce the risk of occupational exposure for health workers in hospitals.