ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of osteoporosis and relevant factors in the elderly male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods Forty elderly male patients with COPD were enrolled and thirty age-matched healthy subjectss were enrolled.The BMD of lumbar vertebrae and proximal end of the femur were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.Serum levels of osteocalcin （BGP）and lung function were measured while blood-gas analysis of arterial blood was conducted.Results The BMD of lumbar vertebrae and proximal end of the femur(including lumbar 1 to 4，femoral neck，wards triangle，trochanter and shaft) in the COPD group were significantly lower than those in the control subjects(all Plt;0.01).Serum BGP level in the COPD group was higher than that in the control group[(5.67±1.59)ng/mL vs (4.37±1.47)ng/mL，Plt;0.01).The prevalence of osteoporosis among the COPD patients was significantly higher than that among the control subjects（65% vs 40%，50% vs 20%，both Plt;0.05）.BMD in the COPD patients who had a history of smoking was significantly lower than those who did not smoke cigarettes（Plt;0.01 or Plt;0.05）.BMD in the COPD patients treated with glucocorticoid were significantly lower than those who were not receiving glucocorticoid therapy(Plt;0.01 or Plt;0.05).BMD was positively correlated with PaO2，BMI，FEV1%pred and FEV1/FVC(Plt;0.01 or Plt;0.05).Conclusions Compared with age-matched normal controls，BMD in elderly male COPD patients are significantly lower with increased osteoporosis risk.Osteoporosis induced by COPD is high change-over pattern. BMD in patients with COPD may be correlated with hypoxia，lung function，smoking，low body mass index and glucocorticoids therapy.
Traditional medical education is to develop uni-professionals,and is lacking of opportunities for interprofessional communication and interprofessional collaboration.The failure of communication and collaboration is an important cause of medical errors.Interprofessional education is a new strategy to remove professional prejudice,promote interprofessional collaborative competency and improve patients'outcomes.From September 2012,we began to provide Interprofessional Education Program for healthcare undergraduates,and achievements have already been made.
ObjectiveTo explore the status of clinical learning environment in undergraduate nursing students in the late clinical practice stage in Sichuan Province. MethodThe sampling was performed in a layered-randomized and geometric proportional way. A total of 1 027 nursing students from 6 nursing schools in Sichuan Province between May and July 2012 were included. Data were collected by the self-rating questionnaires, including demographic sheet, and the nursing clinical learning environment scale. ResultsThe general score of evaluation for clinical learning environment by the nursing undergraduates was 144.99±26.60, and the average score of the items was 3.45±0.63. The average scores were 3.41±0.74, 3.59±0.64, 3.43±0.69, 3.45±0.73, 3.35±0.77, and 3.49±0.69, representing the personality, task orientation, working atmosphere and team spirit, innovation, interpersonal relation, and student participation, respectively. ConclusionsThe assessments about clinical learning environment of nursing undergraduates in Sichuan province are medium grade and the evaluation dimensions of personality and interpersonal relationships low. It is necessary to improve clinical learning environment in the future.
ObjectiveTo understand the adaptation condition of undergraduate nursing students at the early stage of enrollment so as to provide reference frame for the development of college students' adaptability and mental health education. MethodTotally 75 full-time baccalaureate nursing students were recruited from a comprehensive university by convenience sampling method In November 2014. Adaptation condition was investigated with China College Student Adjustment Scale (CCSAS). Statistical analysis methods were applied to analysis differences of the adaptability of college and its various dimensions scores in general data statistics. ResultsThe average score of adaptation ability was (206.88±31.02) points. There were significant differences in the level of getting along with their parents and confidence in nursing speciality (P<0.05) , while no significant differences were found among students in gender, nationality, only China one students, students' regions and reasons of choosing nursing speciality （P>0.05) . ConclusionsThe current adaptation situation of nursing undergraduates freshmen should be improved. It is necessary to carry out a series of targeted activities for the entrance education of college students to promote the adaptability of university life.
The curriculum for nursing undergraduates in Denmark emphasizes experiments, research and development of professional promotion and need connected with the existing professions and health services. The courses are to promote the dynamic interaction and development between theories and practices of professions, academic research and creative ability. This paper introduces the curriculum for undergraduate nursing students in VIA University College from five aspects, including objective, design, context, implementation and assessment, and analyzes its characteristics such as career-oriented courses configuration, progressive curriculum concept, interdisciplinary education courses, multiple assessment methods, and international optional courses. Based on our national undergraduate nursing program, we may take advantage of the advanced experiences of Denmark undergraduate nursing curriculum configuration in order to establish a system of undergraduate nursing curriculum most suitable in our country, encouraging choosing courses beyond disciplines, widening students' horizon of knowledge, improving the course assessment standard and promoting the teaching quality of nursing schools.
Ｂｙ ｕｓｉｎｇ ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ ｉｍａｇｅ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ｆｏｒ ＤＮＡ ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓ，２６ ｃａｓｅｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｙｒｏｉｄ ｔｕｍｏｒｓ ｔｈａｔ ｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅｄ ａｄｅｎｏｍａ ５，ｐａｎｉｌｌａｒｙ ａｄｅｎｏｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ １４，ｆｏｌｌｉｃｕｌａｒ ｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ ５，ｕｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｔｅｄ ｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ ２ ａｎｄ ｎｏｒｍａｌ ｔｈｙｒｏｉｄ ｔｉｓｓｕｅ ３ ｗｅｒｅ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｄ．Ｔｈｅ ＤＮＡ ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｎｕｍｂｅｒ ｏｆ ｐｏｌｙｐｌｏｉｄｙ ｗｅｒｅ：ｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ ｔｈｅ ｈｉｇｈｅｓｔ ｉｎ ａｍｏｕｎｔ，ａｄｅｎｏｍａ ｔｈｅ ｍｅｄｉｕｍ ａｎｄ ｎｏｒｍａｌ ｔｈｙｒｏｉｄ ｔｉｓｓｕｅ ｔｈｅ ｌｅａｓｔ，ｈｅｎｃｅ ｗｅ ｐｒｏｐｏｓｅ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ＤＮＡ ｐｌｏｉｄｙ ｉｎ ｔｈｙｒｏｉｄ ｔｕｍｏｒｓ ｍａｙ ｂｅ ｕｓｅｄ ａｓ ａｎ ａｄｊｕｖａｎｔ ｔｏ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｅ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｔｈｙｒｏｉｄ ｔｕｍｏｒ．
COPD 是一种可预防、可治疗, 以气流不完全可逆受限并呈进行性发展为特征的疾病, 与肺部对有害气体或有毒颗粒的异常炎症反应有关。在全球范围内COPD 是引起死亡和功能致残的主要疾病之一。COPD 在全球患病率和死亡率位居第四, 并呈不断上升的趋势[1] 。本病具有明显的肺外效应, 包括引起全身系统性炎症、代谢改变、神经激素激活,以及对肌肉骨骼、心血管系统等其他系统的影响等[2] 。既往认为COPD 仅引起红细胞增多, 但近期研究发现COPD 引起的系统性炎症可影响红细胞的生成, 贫血亦同样存在于部分COPD 患者。目前认为, COPD导致的贫血与其他许多慢性疾病如慢性心衰一样, 同属于一种慢性病性贫血( anemia of chronic disease, ACD) , 称为COPD 相关性贫血, 其患病率高于继发性红细胞增多症在COPD 的患病率[3-5] 。本文就COPD 相关性贫血的流行病学概况、病理生理机制、临床重要性及干预的最新研究进展如下综述。