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find Keyword "院内感染" 8 results
  • NOSOCOMIAL PULMONARY INFECTION IN SURGICAL CRITICAL CARE PATIENTS

    In order to identify the incidence of nosocomial pulmonary infection in surgical critical care patients in our hospital, we studied 800 patients discharged from surgical intensive care unit between May 1992 to Dec. 1994. One hundred and six episodes of pulmonary infection were found in 96 cases, in which 20 cases had been re-infected. The infection rate was 12.0%. The age of patients, APACHE- Ⅱ score and duration in ICU were closely related to the incidence of pulmonary infection. Tracheal intubation, tracheotomy and mechanical ventilation were the predisposing factors. The prevalent pathogens were pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter, staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans. 54.7% of cases were infected with more than one pathogens, and 36.8% of cases had fungal infection. The prevention and treatment are also discussed.

    Release date:2016-08-29 03:26 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Nosocomial Non-fermented Bacterial Infection in Lower Respiratory Tract and Risk Factors for Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Infection

    Objective To investigate nosocomial non-fermented bacterial infection in lower respiratory tract and the risk factors for multi-drug resistant bacterial infection. Methods 229 patients with nosocomial nonfermented bacterial infection in lower respiratory tract from January to December in 2007 in Xiangya Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The distribution and drug sensitivity of pathogens were recorded. Of those 229 patients,183 cases were infected by non-fermented multi-drug resistant bacteria( MDRB) . The risk factors for non-fermented MDRB infection in lower respiratory tract were analyzed by multi-factor logistic multiple regression analysis.Results The top four non-fermented bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa( 47.6%) , Acinetobacter baumannii( 36. 3% ) , Acinetobacter spp( 8. 6% ) , and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia( 5. 1%) . Higher isolatated rate was found in neurosurgery ( 25. 7% ) and central ICU( 22. 9% ) . The isolated non-fermented bacteria except Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were resistant to all antibiotics except cefoperazone-sulbactam and meropenem. ICU stay( P lt; 0. 001) , tracheotomy or tracheal intubation( P = 0. 001) , and previous use of carbapenemantibiotics( P =0. 032) were independent risk factors for non-fermented MDRB infection. Conclusion Non-fermented bacillus were important pathogens of nosocomial infection in lower respiratory tract with high rates of antibiotic resistance. It is important to prevent non-fermented MDRB infection by strict limitation on the indication of ICU stay,tracheotomy and use of carbapenem.

    Release date:2016-09-14 11:22 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 慢性阻塞性肺疾病院内下呼吸道肠球菌属感染及耐药分析

    【摘要】 目的 调查和总结COPD 住院患者院内下呼吸道肠球菌属感染及耐药情况。方法 回顾性分析舟山市第三人民医院呼吸内科2004 年8 月至2010 年8 月院内发生下呼吸道肠球菌属感染的122 例COPD患者的临床资料和耐药情况。结果 从合格痰标本中共分离出肠球菌122 株, 其中粪肠球菌占72. 1% , 屎肠球菌占27. 9% 。对抗菌药物的耐药率普遍较高, 但所有菌株对利奈唑烷和万古霉素均敏感, 屎肠球菌的耐药率明显高于粪肠球菌。屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌对庆大霉素的耐药率均高于链霉素。高龄, 合并基底节脑梗死、肿瘤、肠道革兰阴性杆菌感染, 侵入性操作, 长期住院及持续应用抗菌药物均是COPD 患者院内感染肠球菌属的危险因素。结论 住院COPD 患者易发生院内肠球菌属感染, 临床治疗应合理应用抗菌药物、遵守侵入性操作的无菌原则及规范医务人员洗手。

    Release date:2016-08-30 11:55 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 烧伤层流病房医院感染管理措施与体会

    目的 针对烧伤患者易发生院内感染的状况,探讨烧伤层流病房医院感染管理的有效措施。 方法 实施质量监控,建立健全各项管理制度,严格执行消毒隔离措施,规范医护人员操作,加强陪护管理。 结果 认真落实各项管理措施,并形成长效机制。 结论 病房的医院感染率得到有效控制,为缩短患者住院时间,提高治愈率起到重要作用。

    Release date:2016-09-07 02:34 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Clinical Research on Correlation Factors of Concurrent Fungal Infections in Old Patients with Pulmonary Diseases: 49 Case Reports

    摘要:目的: 探讨我院呼吸内科病房老年肺部疾病患者并发真菌感染发病的相关因素,分析其易患因素、临床特征和治疗。 方法 : 采用回顾性调查方法对2002年1月至2008年6月收住内科的经微生物检查证实49例继发真菌感染的患者进行分析,并与同期无真菌感染的肺部疾病患者(对照组)比较。 结果 : 在呼吸内科病房中,老年患者院内肺部真菌感染发生率为378%,主要感染部位为泌尿系(218%),呼吸道(269%),消化道(409%)。慢性阻塞性肺疾病(498%)是继发院内肺部真菌感染最常见的基础疾病,其感染因素为长期使用广谱抗生素(962%)和糖皮质激素(332%)、营养状况不良(583%)出现低蛋白血症及合并糖尿病、白细胞减少和侵袭性诊疗操作等。肺部真菌感染的临床表现无特异性,确诊需结合痰培养,组织病理学和临床表现来确定,感染菌种以白色念珠菌为主,占626%。氟康唑治疗有效率914%。研究组与同期无真菌感染的肺部疾病患者(对照组)比较:病死率分别为612%和082%,两组治疗无效的病例(恶化和死亡病例)比较差异有显著性。 结论 : 院内真菌是呼吸系统疾病继发感染的重要病原体,而白色假丝酵母菌是院内肺部真菌感染的主要致病菌,宿主免疫状态、感染播散和疾病严重程度是影响预后的因素。该研究认为老年肺部疾病患者并发真菌感染的相关因素和影响预后的因素对其预防、诊断、治疗、改进预后和生存质量有重要的临床意义。除有效的抗真菌治疗外,积极的综合治疗有助于提高真菌感染的治愈率。Abstract: Objective: To study the susceptible factors,clinical features and treatments of nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection in the ward of respiratory department.〖WTHZ〗Methods : The chart files of 49 patients with nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection admitted from January 2002 to June 2008 in the ward of Respiratory Department were reviewed. Results : The incidence rate of nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection was 378%.COPD(498%)was the main predisposing disease,and candidiasis(626%) was the most common pathogen. The main susceptible factors associated with nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection are longterm use of broadspectrum antibiotics(962%),hypoalbuminemia(583%),longterm use of adrenocortical steroid(332%),and diabetes mellitus.There is no specific clinical feature.Fluconazole(914%)is more efficient in the treatment.〖WTHZ〗Conclusion : Nosocomial pulmonary fungis are important pathogenin the secondary infection in respiratory disease.The most common pathogen is candida albicans.Combined therapy as well as treating fungus infection are important measures to increase the cure rate of nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection.

    Release date:2016-09-08 10:12 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 一起医务人员院内麻疹聚集性疫情的流行病学调查

    目的 对一起医务人员院内感染麻疹疫情的流行病学特征进行分析,为制定麻疹控制措施提供依据。 方法 对 2015 年 5 月发生在某医院医务人员中的一起麻疹疫情的资料进行流行病学分析。 结果 2015 年 5 月 20 日—25 日相继有 6 名医务人员发生院内麻疹感染,且均与同一麻疹确诊病例有直接接触史。 结论 应及时辨别和隔离麻疹病例和麻疹疑似病例,做好消毒防护工作,及时接种麻疹疫苗,以避免麻疹疫情的发生。

    Release date:2017-10-27 11:09 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Risk factors of nosocomial infection during induction remission chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

    ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors of nosocomial infection in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during induction remission chemotherapy.MethodsThe children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Huai’an First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University between December 2012 and December 2018 were divided into the infection group (including the severe infection subgroup and the non-severe infection subgroup) and the non-infection group according to whether nosocomial infection occurred during induction and remission chemotherapy. The clinical data of patients were collected. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of nosocomial infection during induction remission chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.ResultsA total of 96 patients were included. There were 67 cases in the infection group (26 in the severe infection subgroup and 41 in the non-severe infection subgroup) and 29 cases in the non-infection group. Univariate analysis showed that the granulocyte deficiency time and the prevalence of skin and mucosal damage in the infection group were significantly higher than those in the non-infection group, and the infection group had significantly lower laminar bed use and serum albumin level than the non-infection group did (P< 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged agranulocytosis [odds ratio (OR)=23.075, 95% confidence interval (CI) (3.682, 144.617), P=0.001], skin and mucosal lesions [OR=12.376, 95%CI (1.211, 126.507), P=0.034], hypoalbuminemia [OR=5.249, 95%CI (1.246, 22.113), P=0.024] were independent risk factors for nosocomial infection during induction and remission of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, while laminar bed [OR=0.268, 95%CI (0.084, 0.854), P=0.026] was the protective factor.ConclusionsLong-term agranulocytosis, skin and mucosal lesions, and hypoalbuminemia are independent risk factors for nosocomial infection in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during induction remission chemotherapy. Laminar flow bed is its protective factor.

    Release date:2019-04-22 04:14 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Clinical practice of prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus infection in the medical personnel and surgical patients in the department of thoracic surgery of hospitals in Wuhan

    ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical experience in the prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in the department of thoracic surgery of large grade A tertiary hospitals in Wuhan, and to provide feasible clinical practice strategies.MethodsThe clinical data of 41 COVID-19 patients in the department of thoracic surgery of 7 large grade A tertiary hospitals in Wuhan from December 15, 2019 to February 15, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 20 surgical patients (10 males and 10 females at an average age of 54.35±10.80 years) and 21 medical personnel (7 males and 14 females at an average age of 30.38±6.23 years).ResultsThe main clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients were fever (70.73%) and cough (53.66%). Normal or reduced peripheral white blood cells and reduced lymphocyte counts were found in the COVID-19 patients, and some patients may have increased C-reactive protein. COVID-19 patients showed limited ground-glass opacities in early chest CT, which was evident in the edge band of lung. The disease could further develop into multiple pulmonary infiltrations, and pulmonary consolidation was found in severe cases. At the time of confirmed diagnosis, most of the medical personnel were ground-glass shadows and unilateral lesions, and even no obvious abnormalities were found in the lungs. The diagnosed COVID-19 patients were transferred to the isolation ward immediately and treated according to the "Diagnosis and Treatment Program of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia", which was released by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. At the end of follow-up on February 20, 2020, seven surgical patients (35.00%) were discharged and seven (35.00%) were dead, 13 (61.90%) medical personnel were discharged and no death was found.ConclusionsOf all COVID-19 patients in the department of thoracic surgery of hospitals in Wuhan, the proportion of severe degree and mortality in surgical patients are significantly higher than that of the general population, and medical personnel are prone to nosocomial infections. Early oxygen therapy and respiratory support may improve prognosis. During the epidemic period of COVID-19, elective or limited surgery is suggested to be postponed and the indications for emergency operation should be strictly controlled. Emergency operation is suggested to be treated in accordance with tertiary prevention. On the consideration of specialty in the department of thoracic surgery, all people of the ward should be carefully investigated for infection once one case is confirmed with COVID-19. Early detection, isolation, diagnosis, and treatment are the best preventive measures to improve the prognosis of COVID-19.

    Release date:2020-04-26 03:44 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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