Objective To collect the clinical data of victims with traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University within 2 weeks after 4.20 Lushan earthquake, and to analyze their clinical characteristics and effects of early rehabilitation, so as to provide baseline data for rescue TBI victims with the early rehabilitation treatment during emergency medical rescue. Methods A total of 392 victims admitted in the hospital from April 20th, 2013 to May 3rd, 2013 were screened, of which the TBI victims were clinically assessed and treated with early rehabilitation. Then both the activities of daily living (ADL) and the Rancho Los Amigos Cognitive Recovery Scale (RLA) before and after the treatment were analyzed. The data were input by Excel software, and the statistical analysis was performed by SPSS softwar. Results A total of 51 TBI victims at age from 3 to 84 years old were included finally. The categories of TBI included subarachnoid hemorrhage (41.2%), intracranial hematoma (33.3%) and mixed type (33.3%), and the severity were associated with the type of TBI. The GCS score of cerebral concussion was higher (13.25 ± 0.62) while that of the diffuse axonal injury was lower (4.50 ± 0.71). All victims (100%) had limited ADL, 74.51% had cognitive dysfunction, 9.80% had speech disorder, and 7.84% had dysphagia. After the early rehabilitation treatment, both ADL (before treatment: 34.82 ± 58.29, after treatment: 69.63 ± 22.29) and RLA (pre-treatment: 4.16 ± 1.24, treatment: 7.20 ± 1.69) were obviously higher than those before treatment, with statistical differences (both P lt;0.05). Conclusion The TBI categories of Lushan earthquake victims are various and mixed, and the severity associated with the type of TBI. All TBI victims are accompanied with more clinical problems and functional limitation. Early rehabilitation treatment is safe and effective to improve ADL and RLA as well.
Objective To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty （UPPP） in the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep aponea syndrome （OSAS ）. Methods MEDLINE （1966 -2005 ）, EMBASE （1984 - 2005 ）, The Cochrane Library （Issue 1, 2005 ）, CBM （1979 - 2005 ）, CNKI （1994 - 2005 ）, VIP （ 1989 - 2005 ）, CMCC （1994-2005） ,Wanfang Database and Internet were searched in English and Chinese versions. Randomized controlled trials（ RC,Ts）, quasi-randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies were included. Study quality was evaluated by two researchers independently. RevMan4.2.7 was used for meta-analysis.Results Twelve studies were included, of which 5 were RCTs, 7 were prospective cohort studies. Compared with dental appliance（DA）, PSG （polysomnography） changes of DA group were larger than UPPP group, but patients of UPPP group had better quality of life and compliance. Comparing UPPP with LAUP （laser-assisted uvulopalatpharyngoplasty ） and RFTVR （radiofrequency tissue volume reduction）, the postoperative pain of the latter two was less than UPPP. About complications, UPPP and LAUP had no difference except for nasal reflux at 1 week after operation, there was no statistical difference between UPPP and RFTVR. There was no study to compare the PSG change among the three groups. Comparing UPPP with CPAP （continuous positive airway pressure）, PSG changes were larger in CPAP. Conclusions At present, there is no evidence to assure that UPPP is better than other treatments for snoring and OSAS or to suggest which type of surgery is most effective.The literature search is restricted to the publications of English and Chinese language, which may have resulted in missing some studies; the evidence is still weak due to the poor quality and a small number of included studies. There is an urgent need for high quality RCTs to be carried out.
现有治疗排卵功能障碍性不孕的临床证据如下,①克罗米酚.1个系统评价结果表明,对不规则排卵妇女,克罗米酚与安慰剂相比,明显提高了妊娠率.另外4个克罗米酚和他莫昔芬的研究表明,这两种药物对排卵率和妊娠率的影响无统计学差异.1个随机对照试验(RCT)表明,6个月疗程的克罗米酚加二甲双胍比单用克罗米酚可明显提高妊娠率.②环芬尼:1个RCT表明,环芬尼与安慰剂相比,对妊娠率的影响无统计学差异.③促性腺激素(HMG):1个系统评价表明,HMG治疗与尿促卵泡素(urofollitropin)治疗相比,两者妊娠率无统计学差异.2个RCT表明,重组的促滤泡素和尿促卵泡素治疗相比,两者的持续妊娠率和活产率无统计学差异.以往的研究发现,虽然仅限于那些没有配合使用GnRHa的妇女,但HMG与尿促卵泡素治疗相比,发生卵巢过度刺激综合征的危险性较小.观察性研究证据表明,促性腺激素使用可能使卵巢非侵袭性肿瘤发病及多胎妊娠发生增加.④腹腔镜下卵巢打孔:1个系统评价和其后的1个小样本RCT表明,促性腺激素治疗和卵巢打孔治疗相比,对妊娠率影响的无统计学差异,但卵巢打孔术后多胎妊娠的发生率明显较低.促性腺激素脉冲疗法:有1个系统评价结果,但没有发现促性腺激素脉冲疗法有效.
目的 全面了解空巢老人认知功能障碍危险因素。 方法 检索Ovid Medline、Ovid Embase、Cochrane 图书馆及中国生物医学文献数据库（光盘版）等数据库，检索时间为各数据库建库至2011年12月31日。文献纳入标准：年龄≥60岁或作者指明以老人为研究对象；居住状态包括老人无子女或未与子女同住。两位研究者独立地对符合纳入标准的试验进行质量评价和资料提取。 结果 4篇文献（共1 485例）分析了养老机构老人认知障碍的影响因素，合并分析显示年龄[WMD=2.10岁，95%CI（1.28，2.92）岁，P＜0.000 01]、女性[OR=3.61，95%CI（1.63，8.01），P=0.002]、失能[SMD=0.78，95%CI （0.36，1.20），P=0.000 2]、躯体健康[SMD=0.06，95%CI （0.01，0.11），P=0.02]、未婚/寡居[OR=3.16，95%CI（1.43，6.96），P＜0.000 01]、文盲[OR=2.94，95%CI（1.06，8.14），P=0.04]、社会支持差[OR=7.29，95%CI（2.27，23.39），P=0.000 8]、朋友关系差[OR=2.14，95%CI（1.35，3.39），P=0.001]、参加活动少[OR=2.11，95%CI（1.36，3.29），P=0.000 9]及远离子女[OR=5.73，95%CI（3.33，9.87），P＜0.05]是其危险因素。 结论 养老机构老人认知功能障碍的危险因素包括老年、女性、文盲、未婚/寡居、社交差、与子女距离远、躯体健康水平差及抑郁等。结果仅来源于较少的研究和数量较小的对象，且均为横断面研究，需谨慎看待上述结论。
【摘要】 目的 通过比较遗忘型轻度认知障碍（amnestic mild cognitive impairment，aMCI）和血管性认知障碍非痴呆型（vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia，VCI-ND）患者及正常老年人群在简易智能精神状态检查量表（mini mental state examination，MMSE）、听觉词语学习测验（auditory verbal learning test，AVLT）、画钟试验（clock drawing test，CDT）及临床痴呆评定量表（clinical dementia rating scales，CDR）中的表现，进一步分析aMCI和VCI-ND在认知损害方面的不同特点。 方法 选取首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科门诊收治aMCI患者23例及VCI-ND患者27例（CDR＝0.5分），同时选取40名正常老年人（CDR=0分）作为对照组。每位受试者均进行MMSE、AVLT、CDT及CDR等神经心理学量表测查，分析以上3组被试各项神经心理学测查得分之间的差异。 结果 各组受试者的年龄、性别及受教育程度差异无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05），具有可比性。aMCI和VCI-ND组在MMSE、CDT、即刻记忆、延迟记忆及延迟再认检测中的平均值均低于对照组，且差异均具有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）。aMCI和VCI-ND两组除延迟再认检测外，其余各项测查的平均分均无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）。在延迟再认检测中，aMCI组（6.65±4.00）较VCI-ND组（8.67±2.76）再认词语数量少，两组延迟再认的得分均低于对照组（12.83±1.77），差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）。 结论 aMCI和VCI-ND在记忆力、执行能力和信息处理能力方面较正常老年人均有所损害。由于aMCI和VCI-ND不同的病理改变，导致患者存在不同类型的记忆储存和提取机制。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the different patterns of cognitive impairment in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (amci), vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (VCI-ND) and normal elder people. Methods A total of 23 patients with aMCI and 27 patients with VCI-ND (CDR＝0.5) and another 40 healthy elder people (CDR=0) were selected. Each individual underwent the neuropsychological tests, including mini mental state examination (MMSE), auditory verbal learning test (AVLT), clock drawing test (CDT), clinical dementia rating scales (CDR) and hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD). The differences between the three groups were analyzed. Results The differences in age, sexes, and the education background among the three groups were not significant (Pgt;0.05) which meant comparability. The mean scores of MMSE, CDT, instant memory and delayed awareness in aMCI and VIC-ND group were much lower than that in the control group (Plt;0.05). The differences in all the test items except for delayed awareness between aMCI group and VCI-ND groups were not significant (Pgt;0.05). However, in the recall recognition test, these three groups had significant differences: the score in patients with aMCI (6.65±4.00) was much lower than that in patients with VCI-ND (8.67±2.76; Plt;0.05), and the scores of the two groups were both lower than that in the normal aging group (12.83±1.77; Plt;0.05). Conclusion Compared with normal elder people, the cognition of aMCI and VCI-ND patients is impaired severely. The memory tests suggeste that compared with aMCI patients, VCI-ND patients may have different neuropathological changes leading to different mechanism of memory encoding and retrieval.
目的:本研究分析了5·12汶川大地震后4周灾区8～16岁儿童青少年的抑郁情绪及其影响因素。方法:在地震发生后4周，使用儿童自评的抑郁障碍自评量表（DSRSC），调查了1923名来自于地震灾区和受地震影响地区儿童青少年的情绪状况。结果:1923名儿童青少年中DSRSC总分大于或等于划界分者572人，占总人数的29.7%。直接受地震灾害累及地区的儿童青少年抑郁得分高于受地震影响地区儿童青少年；女性儿童青少年的抑郁得分高于男性；地震灾区儿童青少年的DSRSC总分与年龄，震后被转移至安全地点的时间，家人、老师/同学在地震中的情况呈正相关。结论:汶川大地震对儿童青少年的情绪状况具有影响。地震后，儿童青少年的情绪状况还受到性别、年龄等因素的影响。
目的:探讨被误诊为功能性精神障碍的麻痹性痴呆患者的临床特点和诊治要点。方法:回顾性分析10例被误诊为功能性精神障碍的麻痹性痴呆患者的临床资料。结果:被误诊为功能性精神障碍的麻痹性痴呆均以精神症状为首发，多表现为精神病性症状、类躁狂、抑郁、类神经症、人格的改变及进行性痴呆等不典型症状群，本研究显示误诊率高达71.4%，误诊例次率以精神分裂症最高（47.3%），其次为躁狂症或躁狂状态（37.5%）。抗精神病药物能有效改善精神症状，青霉素驱梅能阻止病情进展使病情得到缓解，两者缺一不可。结论:被误诊为功能性精神障碍的麻痹性痴呆均以精神症状为首发且症状不典型而易被误诊，早期鉴别诊断十分重要，抗精神病药物和青霉素治疗可以有效控制症状。