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肺曲霉菌病的外科治疗

目的探讨肺曲霉菌病的临床特点与外科治疗原则。方法回顾分析32例肺曲霉菌病患者的临床资料和手术治疗结果，手术施行采用标准后外侧切口肺叶切除术6例，楔形切除术3例，胸腔镜或胸腔镜辅助改良后外侧微创小切口楔形切除术15例，肺叶切除术6例，肺段切除术2例。结果21例无肺原发疾病，11例有肺原发疾病。痰菌检查阳性率为13．3％（2／15），术前诊断符合率为28．1％（9／32）；术后并发症发生率为15．6％（5／32），其中切口皮下积液、肺膨胀不良各2例，气胸1例；随访32例，随访10～160个月，无咯血或血痰、肺曲霉菌病复发或播散。结论肺曲霉菌病多数无肺原发疾病和症状，无论有否症状均应手术治疗，而微创外科手术治疗并发症少且较轻，是首选的治疗方法。

联合检测半乳甘露聚糖和（1→3）-β-D葡聚糖在诊治侵袭性曲霉菌感染中的研究进展

近年随着广谱抗生素和免疫抑制剂的使用，侵袭性真菌感染（invasive fungal disease，IFD）的发病率逐年上升。其中侵袭性曲霉病（invasive aspergillosis，IA）在IFD中比例逐年增高。侵袭性曲霉菌感染在血液科和重症加强治疗病房（ICU）最为常见，其次为呼吸内科、感染科和免疫科，IA为免疫功能低下患者致死率高的主要原因，造血干细胞移植（HSCT）患者中IA的发病率为2%~26%，在血液病和造血干细胞移植患者中IA死亡率高达70.0%~90.0%。造成死亡率高的主要原因是在病程早期不能对IA进行可靠诊断，往往使患者延误治疗而死亡。因此，选择正确、合适的早期诊断方法对疾病的预后具有决定性意义。传统的诊断方法如影像学、真菌直接镜检、培养及组织病理学检查的敏感性不高，检出率低，难以用于早期诊断。因此，新的诊断方法对IA的治疗至关重要。血清学诊断方法是应用免疫和生化方法检测血清或其他体液中的真菌细胞壁和胞质成分，分为抗原和抗体检查两类。但由于IFD多继发于严重免疫受损患者，往往缺乏可检测到的抗体，或者抗体的产生变化较大，因此以检测真菌抗原为主。目前半乳甘露聚糖（GM）和（1→3）-β-D葡聚糖（BG）成为真菌检查中非常重要的两个抗原。

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Complicated by Aspergillus Infection

Objective To investigate diagnosis and treatment strategies of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis （TB） complicated by Aspergillus infection. Methods Clinical data of 38 patients with pulmonary TB complicated by Aspergillus infection who underwent surgical treatment from January 2008 to December 2010 in Chengdu Infectious Disease Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. There were 23 male patients and 15 female patients with their average age of 37.8 （23-59） years. Preoperatively，all the patients received regular anti-TB treatment for more than 2 weeks，and patients with definite Aspergillus infection received anti-Aspergillus therapy for more than 3 days with consultation of infectious disease physicians. After above treatment，26 patients underwent lobectomy，1 patient underwent right pneumonectomy，and 11 patients underwent left pneumonectomy. All the patients were followed up at the outpatient department after discharge. They were evaluated every 2 weeks in the first 3 months，every 1 month after 3 months，and every 6 months after 1 year. During follow-up，they received acid-fast bacillus smear and sputum culture to check Aspergillus，as well as CT chest scan. Results All the patients successfully received surgical resection of the pulmonary lesion without perioperative death or severe complication. Postoperative pathology examination confirmed pulmonary TB with Aspergillosis infection in all the 38 patients，whose basic diseases included TB cavity in 17 patients，TB-destroyed lung in 12 patients，and post-TB bronchiectasis in 9 patients. All the patients were followed up after discharge for 1.5-4.5 years. During follow-up，they received regular anti-TB therapy for adequate duration in addition to antifungal medications such as voriconazole. None of the 38 patients had recurrence of Aspergillus infection or pulmonary TB. One patient had hemoptysis which was controlled after proper treatment during follow-up. Conclusion Missed diagnosis rate of pulmonary TB complicated by Aspergillus infection is high. Surgical resection of the pulmonary lesion and postoperative medication treatment are the most effective treatment strategies for patients with pulmonary TB complicated by Aspergillus infection.

毛霉菌病致急性髓细胞性白血病患者鼻毁损一例

无哮喘的变应性支气管肺曲霉病一例

目的 报道并分析1例变应性支气管肺曲霉病（allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis，ABPA）的临床特点、诊断及治疗方法。方法 结合文献资料分析我科2019年诊治的1例ABPA的病例。结果 该患者诊断明确，治疗稍有曲折。ABPA常发生于肺部有基础疾病者，尤其是支气管哮喘或囊性纤维化者。临床表现主要是咳嗽、咳痰、喘息、胸闷；实验室检查血清总IgE水平和曲霉特异性IgE水平上升，以及嗜酸性粒细胞数增加；胸部影像学表现为反复的肺部游走性浸润影和中心性支气管扩张等。治疗包括糖皮质激素和抗真菌治疗，对于不能耐受糖皮质激素的患者，抗IgE抗体治疗有益。结论 临床上ABPA容易误诊、误治，特别是无哮喘病史时，其诊断更加困难。因此早期诊断和正确治疗可以减少ABPA造成的肺损伤，改善患者的预后。

Study on the Correlation between Pregnancy Vaginal Environment Changes and the Incidence of Fungal Vaginitis

ObjectiveTo explore whether the vaginal environment changes of pregnant women were correlated with pathogenesis of fungal vaginitis. MethodsWe selected 166 women in their early pregnancy in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic between July 2011 and July 2012 as the study objects (excluding fungal vaginitis patients already confirmed). Two important indicators of changes in pH and the amount of vaginal lactobacilli were chosen to determine changes in the vaginal environment. Using prospective study method, by checking changes in the vaginal environment, the objects were divided into two groups: 96 were in the changing environment group, and 70 were in the normal environment group. Sixty seven of them had a pH value lower or equal to 4.0, and 99 higher than 4.0. Fifty-eight of them had a reduced amount of lactobacillus, and 108 had a normal amount of lactobacillus. The rate of fungal vaginitis in each group was counted. ResultsThe morbidity rate in patients whose pH value was lower than or equal to 4.0 was 17.9% (12/67), while it was 6.1% (6/99) in patients with a pH value higher than 4.0, and the difference was significant (χ2=5.804, P=0.016). The morbidity rate in patients with a reduced amount of lactobacillus was 25.9% (15/58), and it was 2.8% (3/108) in patients with normal lactobacillus, and the difference was also significant (χ2=20.800, P=0.000). The morbidity rate for patients with changing vaginal environment was 16.7% (16/96), and for those with normal environment was 2.9% (2/70), and the difference was significant (χ2=7.985, P=0.005). In those with normal lactobacillus, the reduction of pH value was not correlated with the occurrence of fungal vaginitis (χ2=0.000, P=1.000). ConclusionThe vaginal environment changes during pregnancy (pH value decrease and Lactobacillus decrease) are associated with the incidence of fungal vaginitis, and it can be prevented and treated based on this phenomenon.

类风湿关节炎合并毛霉菌肺部感染一例

狼疮性肾炎合并肺部多重真菌感染一例

CT、MRI对霉菌性鼻窦炎的诊断价值

目的:探讨CT、MRI对霉菌性鼻窦炎的诊断和鉴别诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析32例霉菌性鼻窦炎CT、MRI表现。结果:霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT表现主要为:①90.6%的病变内有高密度钙化影。大多呈斑点状,位于窦腔中央,与窦壁无关。②50.0%的窦壁存在骨质破坏,常见于上颌窦内侧壁,其特点是伴有窦壁骨质增生。霉菌性鼻窦炎的MRI表现为上颌窦病变中央大部分呈T1、T2低信号。结论:霉菌性鼻窦炎有较特征性的CT、MRI表现,CT对病灶内钙化显示较MRI更明确,而且经济,是首选的影像检查方法,MRI在评估病变窦腔外受累及与肿瘤鉴别方面优于CT。

Infection Rate of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Disease Combined with Penicillium Marneffei Laboratory Test Results and Analysis of Susceptibility

目的 探究艾滋病(AIDS)合并马尔尼菲青霉病(PSM)的感染率，以及常规实验室检查结果和5种抗真菌药物对马尔尼菲青霉菌(PM)的体外抗菌活性。 方法 2006年1月-2009年11月间确诊AIDS患者326例，从其血液、骨髓培养出65株PM，检测该65例患者的血常规、肝功能和肾功能，并对20株酵母相PM进行体外药敏进行分析。 结果 AIDS合并PSM的感染率为19.94%；外周血常规：WBClt;4.0×109/L者48例，HBlt;100 g/L者51例，PLTlt;100×109/L者46例。肝功能检查：ALTgt;40 U/L者49，ASTgt;40 U/L者51例，GGTgt;60 U/L者44例，ALPgt;150 U/L者36例，ALBlt;35 g/L者53例，A/G倒置者50例。肾功能检查：BUNgt;7.2 mmol/L者9例，Crgt;150 μmol/L者4例。20株酵母相PM对5-氟胞嘧啶(5FC)、两性霉素B(AMB)、氟康唑(FCA)、伊曲康唑(ITR)、伏立康唑(VRC)的敏感率分别为75%、90%、80%、90%、90%。 结论 AIDS合并PSM感染率较高；患者感染后外周血WBC、HB、PLT通常低于正常人，肝功能多表现异常，肾功能的改变较少；对PM的治疗以AMB、ITR、VRC为首选。