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微创胸膜腔置管注入尿激酶治疗结核性胸腔积液

【摘要】 目的 探讨微创胸膜腔置入中心静脉导管(简称导管)注入尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液(简称积液)的临床价值。方法 2008年6月-2009年8月在正规抗结核治疗基础上,选取确诊积液患者72例,按数字随机法分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组36例经超声引导导管置入胸膜腔并注入生理盐水50 mL加尿激酶10万 U,对照组36例多次穿刺抽液,比较两组疗效及积液引流量、胸膜厚度、积液吸收时间等。结果 治疗组28例显效,5例好转,3例无效;对照组10例显效,13例好转,13例无效,两组疗效差异具有统计学意义(Plt;0.05)。治疗组与对照组平均积液引流量分别为1 421 mL和756 mL,胸膜厚度分别为(1.9±0.4) mm和(3.7±1.2) mm,积液吸收时间分别为(13.3±1.2)d和(17.3±1.6)d,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(Plt;0.05)。结论 超声引导导管置入胸膜腔并注入尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液疗效显著,可增加引流量,减轻胸膜肥厚,改善肺功能,减少穿刺机会。

胃癌患者中心静脉导管的护理改进

【摘要】目的探讨改进胃癌患者中心静脉导管护理的可行性。方法从2009年开始对胃癌患者中心静脉导管的护理流程、导管附件、贴膜及贴膜更换时间等方面进行了改进。结果180例胃癌患者中心静脉导管留置期间出现并发症明显减少,特别在导管相关性感染方面取得很好效果,无大批感染。结论改进胃癌患者中心静脉导管护理可减少护理过程中的并发症。

留置中心静脉导管拔管后导致高热一例

乳腺癌患者患侧上肢经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管的护理

目的　探讨乳腺癌患者患侧上肢置入中心静脉导管的护理方法。 方法　2009年2月－2012年7月，对28例健侧血管条件差的乳腺癌患者患侧上肢贵要静脉置入中心静脉导管，其中4例患者先行术前新辅助化学疗法（化疗），术后再继续化疗；其余24例行术后化疗。 结果　1例因发生血栓性静脉炎而拔出导管，其余均按计划顺利完成化疗。 结论　乳腺癌患者健侧静脉条件较差。术后若患侧上肢无水肿，只要置管操作娴熟，严格无菌技术，规范维护导管技术，从患侧上肢贵要静脉置入中心静脉导管，并发症发生率较低，对临床有一定的指导意义。

对规范化培训护士外周静脉置入中心静脉导管维护技能的调查分析

【摘要】　目的　了解规范化培训护士对经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管（PICC）相关知识的认知及掌握情况。　方法　采取问卷调查方式，对2009年-2010年已在医院肿瘤科轮转工作过的57名规范化培训护士进行PICC维护知识的不记名调查。　结果　规范化培训护士对揭除穿刺处敷料的方向、穿刺处皮肤消毒面积、PICC导管是否可直接接触无菌胶带、脉冲式冲管及正压式封管的方法等内容，回答正确率均在90.9%以上；而对于PICC术后首次更换敷料的时间、注射器型号的选择、导管相关性血流感染等内容，回答正确率为69.09%。　结论　为降低PICC相关并发症的发生率，保证PICC维护质量安全，对规范化培训护士进行具有针对性、持续性、全面性的PICC维护培训刻不容缓

Clinical Study of Indwelling Catheters in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the therapeutic effects of indwelling catheters in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). MethodsThe clinical data of 113 patients with severe acute pancreatitis admitted to our hospital from Aug. 2002 to May 2004 were collected. The patients were divided into the indwelling catheter group (45 cases) and the control group (68 cases).The APACHEⅡscores and therapeutic results were compared. The drainage and intraabdominal pressure (IPA) were monitored. Results The APACHEⅡscores on day 2 and day 5 after therapy in indwelling catheter group were significantly decreased compared with the control group(P=0.000).The average hospital stay and cyst morbidity of the indwelling catheter group were significantly decreased compared with those of the control group(P=0.000). The mortality rate was lower in the indwelling catheter group, but there was no statistical difference between these two groups(Pgt;0.05). The IAP was positively correlative with the drainage volume, hospital day and APACHEⅡscores(r=0.552, r=0.748, r=0.923，P=0.000). ConclusionThe indwelling catheter is an important treatment in patients with SAP.

Application of Suprapubic Catheterization by Using Central Venous Catheter in Middle and Low Rectal Cancer Surgery

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of suprapubic catheterization(SPC) by using central venous catheter (CVC) on the perioperative complications in middle and low rectal cancer surgery. MethodsThe clinical data of 141 patients with middle and low rectal cancer underwent operation in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from April 2012 to January 2015 were collected. There were 65 patients performed SPC by using CVC, 76 patients performed routine transurethral catheterization(TUC). The incidences of bacteriuria and urinary retention, recatheterization rate, duration of catheterization, and catheter-related pain were analyzed and compared between these two groups. Results①Compared with the TUC, the SPC by using CVC could significantly reduce the incidence of bacteriuria(P=0.002), espe-cially in female(P=0.006), ≥60 years old(P=0.001), low rectal cancer(P=0.003), open surgery(P=0.018), Miles(P=0.016), and Dixon(P=0.032).②There was no significant difference in the incidence of urinary retention(P=0.464) between the SPC by using CVC and the TUC.③Compared with the TUC, the SPC by using CVC could significantly reduce the inci-dence of recatheterization rate(P=0.001), especially in the patients with male(P=0.016), ≥60 years old(P=0.008), low rectal cancer(P=0.019), laparoscopic surgery(P=0.013), and Miles(P=0.037).④Compared with the TUC, the point of catheter-related pain was significantly lower in the SPC by using CVC(P=0.001), no matter males(P=0.005) or females(P=0.010), aged 60 years and older(P=0.023) or younger(P=0.034), middle rectal cancer(P=0.017) or low rectal cancer(P=0.046), open surgery(P=0.033) or laparoscopic surgery(P=0.021), Dixon(P=0.019) or Miles(P=0.035).⑤The duration of catheterization was similar between the SPC by using CVC and the TUC(P=0.597). ConclusionSPC by using CVC is a safer, more effective and more acceptable method of bladder drainage in middle and low rectal cancer surgery as compared with routine TUC.

妇科化学治疗患者经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管并发症原因分析

目的 探讨妇科行化学治疗（化疗）患者经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管（peripherally inserted central catheter，PICC）并发症的影响因素。 方法 收集 2015 年 6 月—2016 年 6 月接受化疗并需要置入 PICC 的妇科肿瘤患者。观察患者并发症、拔管原因、导管头端位置、穿刺次数、置管部位、置管时间及拔管时间。 结果 920 例患者成功接受 PICC 置管，其中随访中死亡 25 例，失访 83 例。104 例患者因并发症而提前拔管，其 PICC 留置时间中位数为 62 d，并发症以静脉炎[41.35%（43/104）]和血栓形成[25.96%（27/104）] 最常见。左上肢置管[12.68%（53/418）]与右上肢置管[12.94%（51/394）]的并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.013，P>0.05），肘前窝静脉置管[12.95%（72/556）] 与上臂静脉置管[12.50%（32/256）] 的并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.032，P>0.05）。导管头端位于非上腔静脉者[28.57%（8/28）] 较位于上腔静脉者[12.24%（96/784）] 并发症发生率更高，多次（≥2次）穿刺者[30.19%（16/53）] 较 1 次穿刺成功者[11.59%（88/759）] 并发症发生率更高，差异均有统计学意义（χ2=5.074、15.338，P<0.05）。 结论 妇科化疗患者 PICC 置管后并发症较常见。但 PICC 仍是一种较安全、经济、能家庭护理的静脉通路。

经外周穿刺置入的中心静脉导管留置期间导管多处弯曲移位一例

X线透视引导下经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管误入胸壁静脉处置一例