ObjectiveTo evaluate the methodological bias and the reliability of the conclusions of systematic reviews (SRs) about traditional Chinese medicine for essential hypertension. MethodsWe comprehensively searched PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane library (Issue 4, 2014), CBM, CNKI and WanFang Data to collect SRs of traditional Chinese medicine for essential hypertension from the establishment time of databases to April 30th, 2014. The AMSTAR tool was applied for methodological quality assessment of included studies, and the GRADE system was applied for evidence quality assessment of included outcomes of SRs. ResultsA total of 12 SRs involving 31 outcomes were included, of which 11 SRs focused on the comparison of therapeutic effects between traditional Chinese medicine combined with western medicine and western medicine alone. Nine SRs adopted Jadad tool to assess methodological quality of included original studies. The results of assessment using AMSTAR showed that, among 11 items, there were the most problems concerning Item 1 "Was an 'a prior' design provided?" (none of the 12 SRs provided it); followed by Item 11 "Were potential conflict of interest included?" (nine SRs didn't described it), and Item 6 "Were the characteristics of included studies provided" (six SRs didn't provided it). The results of grading showed that, 29 outcomes were graded as "low" or "very low" quality. The main factors contributed to downgrading evidence quality were limitations (31 outcomes), followed by imprecision (12 outcomes), and inconsistency (13 outcomes). ConclusionCurrently, the methodological quality of SRs about traditional Chinese medicine for essential hypertension was poor on the whole, with low quality of evidence as well as lack of enough attention to the end outcomes of patients with essential hypertension. Thus, physicians should apply the evidence to make decision about traditional Chinese medicine for essential hypertension with caution in clinical practice.
目的 探讨孤立肾肾结石经皮肾镜取石(PCNL)术并发感染性休克的护理。 方法 回顾性分析2010年3月-2012年10月5例孤立肾肾结石患者行PCNL术后并发感染性休克的临床资料,对患者术后出现的休克及时补足血容量,使用有效的抗生素,早期足量应用激素、血管活性药物,同时加强心理疏导、健康教育等护理措施。 结果 5例患者体温均在3 d内降至正常;血管活性药物平均使用时间为1.8 d (2~4 d);1例因血氧饱和度<80%,血压<85/50 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)转往重症监护病房行呼吸机辅助呼吸2 d后呼吸循环功能改善;另1例同时出现少尿无尿,及时行血液透析,第4天尿量逐渐恢复;5例患者均痊愈出院。 结论 感染性休克是PCNL术后最危险的并发症之一,对其采取积极预防、及早发现、及时有效的治疗和护理等措施,可有效促进患者康复。