To observe the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) of different treatment time on bone mineral density of femur in ovariectomized rats, so as to find out the treatment time for the best therapeutic efficacy. Methods Fifty female SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham-ovariectomized (SHAM) group (no PEMFs treatment), ovariectomy (OVX) control group (no PEMFs treatment), OVX I, II and III groups (PEMFs treatment at 8 Hz frequency with 3. 8 ×10-10A/m intensity 20, 40, and 60 minutes daily for 30 days, respectively). All rats were given bilateral ovariectomy except those in the SHAM control group. Bone mineral density (BMD) of femur was assessed at 30 days after PEMFs treatment. Results In OVX control group, hypotrichosis, hypoactivity and l istlessness were observed after operation; and in SHAM group, OVX I group, OVX II group and OVX III group, pilus, psyche and activity were normal. The BMD values were (0.226 ± 0.011), (0.210 ± 0.011), (0.231 ± 0.013), (0.231 ± 0.017) and (0.229 ± 0.013) g/cm2 in SHAM group, OVX control group, OVX I group, OVX II group and OVX III group respectively, showing significant differences between OVX control group and other groups (P lt; 0.05), but showing no significant differences between other 4 groups (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion P EMFs of the three different treatment times can maintain the BMD in ovariectomized rats. It shows that PEMFs have the same effect of maintaining BMD with increasing of treatment time at the range of 20-60 minutes in ovariectomized rats.
Studying effects of 50 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields (SEMFs) with different intensities on peak bone mass (PBM) of rats may provide a theoretical basis for application of electromagnetic clinical field. 30 female SD rats, 6 weeks of age, were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, 0.1 mT electromagnetic field group (EMFs) and 0.6 mT EMFs. The EMFs groups were treated for 3 h/day. After 8 weeks, we examined their bone mineral densities (BMD), measured their bone biomechanical properties, and made serum levels of osteocalcin (OC), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), and histomorphometry. It was found that the BMD (P < 0.01), maximum mechanical load (P < 0.01) in the 0.1 mT group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and Yield strength (P < 0.05), the analyses of serum bone turnover markers and histomorphometric parameters were better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). However, the 0.6 mT group did not have significantly difference comparing with that in the control group. This study proved that 50 Hz 0.1 mT SEMFs can increased BMD, bone strength, and bone tissue microstructure. Therefore, 50 Hz 0.1 mT SEMFs can improve peak bone mass of rats.
Objective To ananlyze the relationship between bone mineral density and sex hormone in male patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods The study recruited 88 male patients with OSAHS aged 45-60 years in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2016 as an OSAHS group, and 30 healthy subjects without OSAHS as a control group. The general information and PSG parameters were recorded, the bone metabolic markers and bone mineral density of lumbar spine 1-4 (L1-4) and femoral neck (Neck) were measured, and the expressions of serum sex hormone (E2, P, T, FSH, LH and PRL) were determined by chemical luminescence immunity analyzer. The differences in above indexes between two groups and their correlation with bone mineral density were analyzed. Results Smoking rate, drinking rate, neck circumference and body mass index (BMI) of the OSAHS group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Compared with the control group, beta crosslaps (β-CTX, a bone metabolic marker) was significantly higher [(0.53±0.14) ng/ml vs. (0.47±0.15) ng/ml], the bone mineral density of L1-4 and Neck was significantly lower [(0.92±0.12) g/cm2 vs. (1.08±0.08) g/cm2, (0.91±0.11) g/cm2 vs. (1.06±0.13) g/cm2], and the serum testosterone was significantly lower in the OSAHS group [(267.32±89.56) ng/dlvs. (315.68±78.49) ng/dl] (all P<0.05). The result of Pearson correlation analysis showed that apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was negatively correlated with bone mineral density of L1-4 and Neck (bothP<0.001), lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2) and testosterone were positively correlated with bone mineral density of L1-4 and Neck (all P<0.01). Conclusions The risk of suffering from osteoporosis is higher in male OSAHS patients and it is closely related to the degree of hypoxia. The decrease of testosterone may be one of the mechanisms.
ObjectiveTo compare the clinical effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) with oral alendronate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. MethodsFourty patients diagnosed to have postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP) from September 2009 to September 2010 were included in our study. They were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. All patients were administered the same basic drugs:Caltrate 600 mg and Alfacalcidol 0.5 μg per day. For the experimental group, PEMFs were offered 6 times per week for 5 weeks (30 times in total), and patients in this group were followed up for 12 weeks. For the control group, alendronate was given at a dose of 70 mg per week for 12 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD), visual analogue scale, and manual muscle testing (MMT) scale were evaluated before, 1 week, 5 weeks, and 12 weeks after intervention. ResultsIncreasing of BMD, pain relieving, and improvement of MMT had a trend of increasing values after 5 weeks of treatment in the experimental group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the two groups in patients' lower back muscle strength after treatment (P<0.05). ConclusionPEMFs have the same effect as alendronate in pain relief, and bone mass and muscle strength improvement, and are even advantageous in increasing back muscle strength compared with alendronate.
In order to meet the requirements of ultrasound bone density measurement, we designed a software based on Visual Studio C++ 2008. The software includes interface design, acquisition and control, data processing and parameter extraction, data storage and printing. Excellent human-computer interface (HCI) will give users a convenient experience. Auto gain control (AGC) and digital filter can improve the precision effectively. In addition, we can observe waveform clearly in real time. By using USB communication, we can send control commands to the acquisition and get data effectively, which can shorten the measuring time. Then we calculated the speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA). Patients' information can be accessed by using XML document. Finally, the software offers printing function.
The present research is to investigate the time effect of sinusoidal electromagnetic fields (SEMFs) at different exposure time on the biomechanical properties in rats, and to find a best time for improving biomechanical properties. Forty female SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, i.e. control group, 45 min SEMFs group, 90 min SEMFs group, 180 min SEMFs group, and 270 min SEMFs group. In addition to the control group, other groups were exposed to 50 Hz and 0.1 mT magnetic field every day for the corresponding time periods. After eight weeks, bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanics, bone tissue morphology, micro-CT and pathological examination were performed. The results showed that there was no abnormal pathological finding in the experimental groups. In the 90 min SEMFs group, BMD, femur maximum load, elastic modulus, yield strength, trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular area (Tb.Ar) percentage were all significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.01), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) was significantly lower than that of the control group (P＜0.01). However, for other experimental groups, some indices showed statistical significance compared to the control group (P＜0.05), but some did not (P>0.05). This study showed that under 50 Hz and 0.1 mT SEMFs, 90 min is the best time that can effectively increase bone mineral density, improve the bone tissue microstructure organization and the biomechanical properties.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship among bone density, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and vascular calcification (VC) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. MethodsOne hundred MHD patients were collected from our department between May 2010 and December 2012. The VC was detected by plain radiographs. Bone mineral density was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptionmeter. The level of serum OPG was measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Other clinically related indicators were also detected. The related parameters were examined statistically. ResultsThe incidence of VC in MHD patients was 74% (74/100), and the OPG level significantly increased with the degree of vascular calcification (P<0.05). The proportion of patients with normal bone volume was 40%, and with abnormal bone volume was 60%. Compared with patients with normal bone volume, the patients with abnormal bone volume had higher serum OPG level (P<0.05). The patients with no VC had a lower incidence of abnormal bone volume than patients with VC (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that vascular calcification score, OPG level and age were independent factors for bone mineral density. Dialysis time, OPG level, serum albumin level and bone mineral density were independent factors for vascular calcification score. ConclusionThe MHD patients with vascular calcification are often associated with osteoporosis at the same time. OPG plays an important role in the relationship between vascular calcification and osteoporosis.
In order to meet the requirements of ultrasound bone density measurement, we proposed a software solution to improve the accuracy and speed of measurement of bone mineral density of the ultrasound bone densitometer. We used a high-speed USB interface chip FT232H, along with a high-speed AD converter chip to calculate speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA ) and other bone density parameters in the PC software. This solution improved the accuracy of the measurement data, reduced the measurement time and increased the quality of the displayed image. It is well concluded that the new software can greatly improve the accuracy and transmission speed of bone density measurement data through a high-speed USB interface and a software data processing technology.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on postoperative osteoporosis vertebral fracture (OVFs) of patients undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) or percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP).MethodsWe searched databases including PubMed, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about ZOL on postoperative OVFs of patients undergoing PVP or PKP from inception to June 30th, 2016. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk bias of included studies. Then, RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 11 RCTs involving 950 cases of OVFs were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: the bone mineral densities of the ZOL group at 6 months (SMD=0.62, 95%CI 0.06 to 1.18, P=0.03) and 12 months (SMD=1.32, 95%CI 0.62 to 2.02, P=0.000 2) after the operation were higher than those of the control group. The re-fracture risk of the ZOL group was lower than that of the control group (RR=0.27, 95%CI 0.16 to 0.47, P<0.000 01). The visual analogue scales of the ZOL group were lower than those of the control group at 3 weeks (SMD=–1.03, 95%CI –1.42 to –0.63, P<0.000 01), 1 month (SMD=–1.57, 95%CI –2.30 to –0.83, P<0.000 01), 3 months (SMD=–1.53, 95%CI –2.20 to –0.86, P<0.000 01), 6 months (SMD=–2.59, 95%CI –3.42 to –1.76, P<0.000 01), and 12 months (SMD=–2.69, 95%CI –4.21 to –1.18, P=0.000 5) after the operation. In addition, Oswestry disability index (ODI) score of the ZOL group was better than that of the control group at 1 year after the operation (SMD=–1.61, 95% CI–2.42 to –0.81, P<0.000 1).ConclusionsThe current evidence shows that the usage of ZOL after PVP/PKP has better effects, it relieves the pain further, increases the quantity of bone significantly, ameliorates the BMD, reduces the incidence of re-fracture and improves the quality of life. Due to the limited quantity and quality of included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the influence of antiepileptic drugs on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in adults.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the influence on antiepileptic drugs on the bone mineral density and bone metabolism in adults from inception to April 1st, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 14 studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: VPA could decline the bone mineral density of lumbar spine (SMD=–0.39, 95%CI –0.65 to –0.13, P=0.003); CBZ (SMD=–0.71, 95%CI –1.08 to –0.33, P=0.000 2) and VPA (SMD=–0.3, 95%CI –0.58 to –0.02, P=0.03) could decline the bone mineral density of femoral neck; CBZ could decline the bone mineral density of total hip (SMD=–0.47, 95%CI –0.84 to –0.10, P=0.01). Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 was decreased in OXC group (SMD=–0.67, 95%CI –1.28 to –0.05, P=0.03); serum calcium was decreased in CBZ (SMD=–0.49, 95%CI –0.78 to –0.20, P=0.000 8), LEV (SMD=–0.83, 95%CI –1.15 to –0.51, P<0.000 01) and OXC (SMD=–0.48, 95%CI –0.90 to –0.05, P=0.03) group; serum phosphorus was decreased in LEV group (SMD=–11.36, 95%CI –12.97 to –9.76, P<0.000 01). Serum alkaline phosphatase was increased significantly in LEV (SMD=6.79, 95%CI 5.78 to 7.80, P<0.000 01) and CBZ (SMD=1.90, 95%CI 1.35 to 2.44, P<0.000 01) group.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that treatment with antiepileptic drugs may be associated with an decreasing bone mineral density and influence bone metabolism in epileptic adults. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusion.