目的 探讨组织蛋白酶B（CB）在膀胱移行细胞癌（TCC）中的表达以及其与TCC浸润的关系。 方法 取TCC标本40例，TCC分级Ⅰ级23例，Ⅱ～Ⅲ级17例；表浅型TCC（Tis，Ta，T1期） 25例，浸润型TCC（T2～4期）15例。另取10例正常膀胱组织作为对照。用链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶连接法行CB免疫组织化学染色观察并计算CB阳性细胞百分率。 结果 正常膀胱组织中基质无明显着色；在TCC癌组织中，CB可为细胞染色，部分基质亦有染色，部分毛细血管内皮细胞及部分成纤维细胞CB表达阳性，在癌周血管内皮细胞的阳性着色CB表达增强。CB在分级和分期高的癌组织中多为弥散阳性染色。TCC分级Ⅰ级组、TCC分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级组、TCC分期表浅型组、TCC分期浸润型组及正常对照组的CB阳性细胞百分比分别为10.53% ± 3.76%、21.52% ± 3.58%、11.32% ±2.69%、20.57% ± 3.25%、0.11% ± 0.18%，TCC各组均高于正常对照组（P＜0.01）；TCC分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级组高于TCC分级Ⅰ级组，TCC分期浸润型组高于TCC分期表浅型组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。 结论 CB可能成为判断TCC进展和预后的重要指标。
Lactate was originally thought to be a metabolic waste product of glycolysis produced by cells in hypoxic environment. In recent years, increasing evidence has indicated that lactate plays a crucial role in the physiological and pathological processes of the retina. Lactate is transported via monocarboxylate transporters in different retinal cell types such as photoreceptor cells and Müller cells to maintain the high metabolic demand of the retina. In addition to serving as oxiditive substrate for energy, lactate can mediate intracellular signal transduction through receptor G protein-coupled receptor 81, participating in the maintenance of retinal homeostasis and the progression of pathological neovascularization. Moreover, lactate-mediated protein lactylation directly regulates gene expression in microglia and T lymphocytes, which has gradually become a new hotspot in the field of retinal pathological neovascularization and neuroinflammation. Therefore, the regulation of lactate metabolism may provide novel perspectives for the treatment of retinal lactic acid metabolism disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa.
Dental composite resin is a kind of material which has been widely used in dental restoration. Research has found that the influence of residual monomer on the material mechanical, chemical and biological properties cannot be ignored. This paper elaborates these harms of residual monomers. The effects of resin matrix, inorganic filler and initiating system, illumination, secondarily treatment on the degree of conversion were also analyzed. The paper also discusses the effective measures to increase the conversion, and offers theoretical basis for the clinical application and development of composite resin.
ObjectiveTo propose automatic measurement of global and local tessellation density on color fundus images based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) method. MethodsAn applied study. An artificial intelligence (AI) database was constructed, which contained 1 005 color fundus images captured from 1 024 eyes of 514 myopic patients in the Northern Hospital of Qingdao Eye Hospital from May to July, 2021. The images were preprocessed by using RGB color channel re-calibration method (CCR algorithm), CLAHE algorithm based on Lab color space, Retinex algorithm for multiple iterative illumination estimation, and multi-scale Retinex algorithm. The effects on the segmentation of tessellation by adopting the abovemetioned image enhancement methods and utilizing the Dice, Edge Overlap Rate and clDice loss were compared and observed. The tessellation segmentation model for extracting the tessellated region in the full fundus image as well as the tissue detection model for locating the optic disc and macular fovea were built up. Then, the fundus tessellation density (FTD), macular tessellation density (MTD) and peripapillary tessellation density (PTD) were calculated automatically. ResultsWhen applying CCR algorithm for image preprocessing and the training losses combination strategy, the Dice coefficient, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Jordan index for fundus tessellation segmentation were 0.723 4, 94.25%, 74.03%, 96.00% and 70.03%, respectively. Compared with the manual annotations, the mean absolute errors and root mean square errors of FTD, MTD, PTD automatically measured by the model were 0.014 3, 0.020 7, 0.026 7 and 0.017 8, 0.032 3, 0.036 5, respectively. ConclusionThe DCNN-based segmentation and detection method can automatically measure the tessellation density in the global and local regions of the fundus of myopia patients, which can more accurately assist clinical monitoring and evaluation of the impact of fundus tessellation changes on the development of myopia.
ObjectiveTo compare and observe the curative effect of different body positions after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with inert gas filling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). MethodsA retrospective clinical study. From October 2019 to September 2021, 192 eyes of 192 RRD patients who were diagnosed and received PPV combined with inert gas filling in Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University were included in the study. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, ultra-wide-angle fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and B-mode ultrasonography were performed in all affected eyes. The BCVA examination was performed using a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, which was converted into logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity during statistics. According to the post-operative position requirements, the affected eyes were divided into the face-down positioning group and the adjustable positioning group, with 97 eyes in 97 patients and 95 eyes in 95 patients, respectively. Age (Z=0.804), course of disease (Z=－0.490), eye type (χ2=0.175), logMAR BCVA (Z=－0.895), intraocular pressure (Z=0.178), lens status (χ2=1.090), number of detached clocks (Z=0.301) and macular involvement (χ2=0.219), number of holes (Z=－1.051) and number of lower holes (χ2=0.619) were compared, there was no significant difference (P＞0.05). The gender composition ratio was compared, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.341, P＜0.05). The follow-up time after surgery was more than 3 months. The retinal reattachment rate in one operation, the improvement of BCVA and the incidence of complications were observed. The independent sample Mann-Whitney test was used for the comparison of continuous variables between groups; the χ2 test was used for the comparison of categorical variables. ResultsIn the face-down positioning group and the adjustable positioning group, retinal reattachment in one operation was performed in 92 (94.8%, 92/97) and 89 (93.7%, 89/95) eyes, respectively; logMAR BCVA was 0.45±0.34, 0.41±0.21. There was no significant difference in the retinal reattachment rate in one operation (χ2=0.120, P=0.729) and logMAR BCVA (Z=－0.815, P=0.416) between the two groups. After surgery, the intraocular pressure increased in 11 (11.3%, 11/97) and 5 (5.3%, 5/95) eyes in the face-down positioning group and the adjustable positioning group, respectively; the secondary epimacular membrane was 2 (2.1%, 2/97), 3 (3.2%, 3/95) eyes. There was no significant difference in the incidence of elevated intraocular pressure and secondary epimacular membrane between the two groups after surgery (χ2=2.320, 0.227; P=0.128, 0.634). ConclusionIt is safe and effective to adopt adjustable positioning after PPV combined with inert gas filling for RRD, which is equivalent to the effect of face-down positioning.
ObjectiveTo analyze the pathological manifestations and imaging characteristics of bronchiolar adenoma (BA).MethodsThe clinical data of 11 patients with BA who received surgeries in our hospital from January 2019 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 5 males and 6 females aged 40-73 (62.40±10.50) years. The intraoperative rapid freezing pathological diagnosis, postoperative pathological classification, cell growth pattern, nuclear proliferation index Ki-67 and other immunohistochemical staining combined with preoperative chest CT imaging characteristics were analyzed.ResultsThe average preoperative observation time was 381.10±278.28 d. The maximum diameter of imaging lesions was 5-27 (10.27±6.34) mm. Eight (72.7%) patients presented with irregular morphology of heterogeneous ground-glass lesions, and 3 (27.3%) patients presented with pure ground-glass lesions. There were 10 (90.9%) patients with vascular signs, 8 (72.7%) patients with vacuolar signs, 1 (9.1%) patient with bronchus sign, 3 (27.3%) patients with pleural traction and 9 (81.8%) patients with burr/lobular sign. The surgical methods included sub-lobectomy in 10 patients and lobectomy in 1 patient. Five (45.5%) patients were reported BA by intraoperative frozen pathology. The postoperative pathological classification included 8 patients with distal-type and 3 patients with proximal-type, and the maximum diameter of the lesions was 4-20 (8.18±5.06) mm. Eight (72.7%) patients showed characteristic bilayer cell structure under microscope, and 10 (90.9%) patients showed thyroid transcription factor 1 expression in pathological tissues. The expression of NapsinA in intracavity cells was found in 9 (81.8%) patients. The Ki-67 index of the lesion tissue was 1%-5% (3.22%±1.72%).ConclusionThe pathological features and imaging findings of BA confirm the premise that BA is a neoplastic lesion. However, to identify BA as a benign or inert tumor needs more clinical data and evidence of molecular pathological studies.