Purpose To investigate the association between the macular volume and thickness, as assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT), with refraction state and axial length (AL) in children. Methods A total of 100 normal children whose right eyes were randomly selected were divided into five groups due to their refraction, comprising hyperopia, emmetropia, low myopia, moderate myopia, high myopia. The AL of the eyes was measured by IOL mas ter measuring machine. Then the macular volume and thickness were measured by OCT. Results Children with high myopia have smaller macular volume and thinner parafoveal retinal thickness (especially out-ring macular). The minimum thickness and average thickness of the fovea were not significantly different among the five groups. The macular volume ,total average macular thickness and quadrant-specific macular thickness(except the nasal inner quadrants) were positively associated with refraction and negatively associated with AL, while t here were no correlation between minimum foveal thickness, the average foveal th ickness and refraction or AL. Conclusions In Chinese children, increasing axial length was associated with reduced macular volume and thickness (except the foveal region and the nasal inner quadrant). (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2008,24:114-117)
ObjectiveTo observe the changes of macula in patients with high myopia after phacoemulsification. MethodsIn 20 patients with high myopia with ocular axial length≥27 mm, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed on the operative and contralateral eyes 1 week before and after monocular phacoemulsification, respectively, and the OCT images of macula of the operative eyes were observed and compared.ResultsOne week before and after phacoemulsification, the mean macular fovea thickness of the patients with high myopia was (131.6±16.37) μm and (189.75±45.69) μm, respectively, with a significant difference (t=2.805, P=0.01). Simultaneously, the mean macular fovea thickness of the contralateral eyes was (133.5±15.12) μm and (133.5±14.63) μm, respectively, with a non-significant difference (t=1.367, P=0.853). In 20 operative eyes 1 week after phacoemulsification, 3 had vitreous strand around the macula with retinal thickening, 1 had retinoschisis in macular area, and 2 had obvious retinal thickening with slight retinal edema.ConclusionRetinal thickening occurs in the patients with high myopia after phacoemulsification. Traction of retina by vitreous strand or subclinical retinoschisis may occur in some patients.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:90-92)
Objective To investigate the characteristics of optical coherence to mography (OCT) in eyes with repaired idiopathic macular hole (IMH) after operation and the relation with recovery of visual acuity. Methods The characteristics of OCT images of 24 patients (25 eyes) with repaired IMH after vitrectomy,internal limiting membrane（ILM）peeling and auto-serum healing were analyzed retrospectively. In the patients with IMH, the macular hole was found in 9 eyes at st age II, 13 eyes at stage III, and 3 eyes at stage IV. Examinations of best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy with fundus contact lens, fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) and OCT were performed on the patients 3 to 24 months after surgery. Results OCT images of the repaired IMH were categorized into 3 patterns: U-type (5 eyes ) with relative normal foveal contour; V-type (7 eyes) with steep foveal contour;W-type (13 eyes) with foveal defect of neurosensory retina, but without warped hem of retinal hole or cystic formation. Postoperative visual acuities were improved in all of the patients and the best ones were in group U-type. Conclusion Characteristics of OCT images of repaired IMH may be related to the postoperative visual acuity. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：90-93)
Objective To test the hypothesis that the macular pigment may be a marker of foveal cone function and consequently the structural integrity of foveal cones.Methods Sixteen patients (32 eyes) diagnosed to have Stargardt dystrophy and three patients with full thickness macular holes by clinical criteria were studied with a scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) comparing argon laser blue and infrared images for the presence or absence of macular pigment (MP) in the fovea. An C++ computer based program was used to evaluate the density of MP. Eyes were graded into three categories: those without foveal macular pigment, those with partial pigment and those with normal amounts of macular pigment. These categories were compared with visual acuity determined by the Snellen chart. Results Thirteen eyes with a visual acuity of 20/200 or worse had no macular pigment in the fovea. Eleven eyes with visual acuity of 20/40 or better had a normal amount of macular pigment in the fovea and 1 eye had partial macular pigment. Eleven eyes with partial macular pigment had intermediary acuity value.Conclusions Foveal macular pigment is closely related to foveal cone acuity and therefore may be a marker for the presence of foveal cones. Infrared light is a sensitive indicator of early macular diseases.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：201-268)
Objective To investigate the effects of phacoemulsification on macula in diabetics． Methods Thirty eyes of cataract in diabetics were chosen randomly for measurement of the thickness of fovea of retina using OCT before phacoemulsification and 1 month after surgery ． The other eyes in these patients and 30 eyes of cataract in nondiabetic pati ents with phacoemulsification were as control． Results In 30 eyes of diabetics with phacoemulsification, the mean fovea thickness were (148．5plusmn;27．7) mu;m preoperatively and (219．4plusmn;68．23) mu;m postoperatively, and the difference was significant (Plt;0．05)． In 30 eyes of diabetics without surgery, the mean foveal thickness were (147.4plusmn;27.5) mu;m preoperatively and (148.2plusmn;27.3) mu;m postoperatively and the difference was not significant (Pgt;0．05)． In 30 eyes of cataract in nondiabetic patients, the mean fovea thickness were (142．37plusmn;12．7) mu;m preoperatively and (151．9plusmn;23．7) mu;m postoperatively and the difference was not significant (Pgt;0．05)． In 30 eyes of diabetic s with phacoemulsification, 11 eyes had new macula edema after surgery and 3 eye s had significant retinal thickening． In 6 eyes with macular edema before surgery, the macular edema were aggravated in 3 eyes after surgery． The macular stru ctural changes were not found in two control groups． Conclusion The thickness of retina is inreased after phacoemulsification in deabetics,and morbidity and its severity of postopevative macular edema are increas ed as well． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:175-177)
Objective To study the characteristics of optic al coherence tomography (OCT) in idiopathic macular epiretinal membranes (IMEM) and the relationship between the thickness of fovea and the vision of affected eyes. Methods Total of 67 cases (73 eyes) with clinica l diagnosis of IMEM by direct, indirect ophthalmoscopy, three mirror contact len s, fundus color photography or fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA）were examined with OCT. Results Epiretinal membranes(ERMs) with macular edema were found in 32 eyes, proliferative ERMs in 20 eyes, ERMs with macular pseudoholes in 14 eyes and ERMs with laminar macular holes in 7 eyes. Based on OCT, the ERMs were clearly and partially seperated from the retina (27 eyes, 38.36%), the retinal thickness of the fovea was the thickest in proliferative ERMs and the thinnest in ERMs with laminar macular holes. The statistical an alysis showed there was a negative correlation between the thickness of fovea an d visual acuity (r=－0.454, P= 0.000 ). Conclusion There were four types of image of OCT in IMEM: ERMs with macularedema, proliferative ERMs, ERMs with macular pseudohole and ERMs with laminar macular hole；and the thicker the fovea under the OCT, the poorer th e visual acnity in the affected eyes with ERMs. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:115-118)
Purpose To observe the features of multi-focal electroretinogram (mERG) in Stargardtprime;s disease, and evaluate the validity of mE RG on diagnosis of this disease. Methods mERG had been recorded in 7 cases (14 eyes) of Stargardtprime;s disease with VERIS 4.0，and the findings were compared with normal individuals. Results The mERG were remarkably abnormal in all cases of the disease, as the amplitudes of N1 and P1 waves were seriously decreased and the latencies were prolonged in all the 6 regions (Plt;0.01). The degrees of the amplitude changes of N1, P1 waves were not the same in those areas,and the most decreased part was in fovea. The responses of N1, P1waves from the fovea of patients were about 19 and 10 percent respectively of which in controls. As the eccentricity enlarged, these differences had a tendency of reduction. The mERG topography of this disease could be divided to two types, i.e. central decreased and diffuse decreased types. Conclusion There are remarkably abnormalities on mERG in Stargardtprime;s disease,and the most damaged location of macular function is in fovea. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:271-273)
Purpose To investigate the histopathologic changes of macula lutea retinae in the elderly Chinese population,and to provide information for the cause of visiual disturbance in an autopsy study. Methods Two hundred and twelve eyes from 108 consecutive cases of postmortem (mean age of 78.4 years old) sections of the area of macula lutea retinae were studied by histopathology. Results Among the 212 eyes,hard drusen were found in 36.3% of eyes and soft drusen in 19.3% of eyes.The eyes with both of the above mentioned 2 types of drusens were found to be combined with RPE atrophy and RPE detachment;and subretinal neovascularization were found in 5.7% of these eyes and they were associated with obvious RPE atrophy and photoreceptor loss;3.2% eyes had posterior scleral staphyloma showing thinning of the sclera and choroid,RPE atrophy and apparent photoreceptor loss;2.4%eyes showed CME with the history of cataract surgery. Conclusion The macular affections,age-related macular degeneration,myopic macular degeneration and post-perative cystoid macular edema are varying in number in the above mentioned order successively,in elderly Chinese at an autopsy study. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2000,16:233-235)