ObjectiveTo discuss whether there are some psychological changes in adult women patients when they first wear fixed orthodontic appliances. MethodsEighty adult women patients aged between 18 and 50 years old averaging 35, receiving fixed orthodontic treatment between January 2011 and August 2012 were selected as our study subjects. They completed a questionnaire regarding anxiety and depression at the first day when they came to the hospital and 7 days, one month, and three months after fixed appliance placement respectively. The scales of anxiety and depression of subjects were assessed according to the symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90). ResultsCompared with the norms, the SCL-90 scores of anxiety, depression and interpersonal relationship sensitivity were higher in these patients. The symptoms were more severe a week later, and were even more severe one month after the appliance placement. Three months later, the scores of all factors began to fall, but were still higher than those before the treatment. ConclusionThere is a certain extent of negative psychological influence on adult women patients during fixed orthodontic treatment. At the first week after the placement of fixed appliance, adult women patients may suffer from anxiety and depression.
ObjectivesTo provide reference for decision-making on prevention and treatment of urinary incontinence by assessing the prevalence of urinary incontinence in Chinese adult women. MethodsWe searched CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, CBM, PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library to collect cross-sectional studies on urinary incontinence in adult women in mainland China from inception to June 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 software. ResultsA total of 20 studies were involved, including 90 126 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of urinary incontinence in adult women was 31.1% (95%CI: 28.3% to 34.0%). The subgroup analysis showed that stress urinary incontinence was the main subtype, of which was mainly with mild incontinence, with an average prevalence rate of 27.5% (95%CI: 22.6% to 32.4%) in urban areas and 32.5% (95%CI: 23.3% to 41.7%) in rural areas; 30.9% (95%CI: 26.8% to 35.1%) in the south and 31.4% (95%CI: 26.0% to 36.7%) in the north. The prevalence rate was rising from 2005 to 2008, and it remained at a high level in the following years, and the prevalence increased with age. ConclusionsThe prevalence of urinary incontinence in adult women in China has been at a high level since 2005. There has been no significant improvement in the past 10 years. Therefore, we should attach great importance to it and take appropriate interventions to prevent the occurrence of urinary incontinence.