The risk of bias assessment tool 2.0 (RoB 2.0) for analyzing cluster randomized trials and crossover trials (revised version 2021) has been updated. The current paper briefly delineates the history of the RoB 2.0 tool and includes an explanation and interpretation of the updated contents and software operation process for use with cluster randomized trials and crossover trials. Compared with the previous versions, the updated RoB 2.0 tool (revised version 2021) has the advantage of precise language and is easily understood. Thus, the updated RoB 2.0 tool merits popularization and further general application.
As the aging of the population intensifies, the incidence of dementia continues to increase year by year. However, the general public's lack of awareness about dementia, combined with the complexity of the cognitive assessment process, often results in many dementia patients being diagnosed in the moderate to late stages of the disease, missing the crucial window for therapeutic intervention. This significantly affects the mental and physical health and quality of life of the elderly. With the continuous advancements in medical and information technology, the application of electronic tools in cognitive assessment is gradually increasing. This study summarizes the current application of electronic cognitive assessment tools to provide references for the development of electronic cognitive assessment tools suitable for the elderly in China.
Objective we want to construct a rating scale for the key technique using the inhaler device for patients with chronic airway disorder and to provide a reference tool for the scientific evaluation of patients’ techniques in the use of inhaler devices. MethodsThrough literature review and Delphi expert consultation, the items of the rating scale were determined, and the weights and assignments of the items were determined through the analytic hierarchy process. The resulting evaluation form was used for clinical assessment of patients, and the differentiation of each item was tested by the critical ratio method.ResultsAfter the two rounds of consultation, the positive coefficients of experts were 95.24% and 100%, the expert authority coefficients were 0.988 and 0.990, and the Kendall-W coefficients were 0.371 (P<0.001) and 0.654 (P<0.001), respectively. The final form, consisting of 10 operational items for evaluating key inhaler techniques for patients with chronic airway disorder, was finalized. The results of the hierarchical analysis showed that the consistency ratio CR was 0.088<0.10, which satisfied the consistency test. The top 5 key operational steps were medication preparation, exhalation, holding the mouthpiece, inhalation, and breathholding. Used for clinical patient assessment showed better discrimination of items (t ≥ 3, P<0.05).ConclusionThe rating scale for the technique using the inhaler device for chronic airway disorder constructed in this study is scientifically reliable, convenient, and practical, which can be used as an objective evaluation tool to assess patients’ skill in inhaler device use.