Objective To explore the microbiological etiology and antibiotic susceptibility of periopertive urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty, so as to provide recommendations for antibiotic treatment. Methods A retrospective review was conducted for patients with perioperative UTI who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty between January 1st, 2013 and October 1st, 2015. Microbiological data and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria were analyzed. Results A total of 117 strains of bacteria were identified, including 11 types of species. Among the organisms cultured, 86.3% (101 strains) were gram-negative bacteria, in which Escherichia coli was the most common causative organism (70.9%, 83 strains), followed by Klebsiella species (7.7%, 9 strains) and Proteus mirabilis (3.4%, 4 strains). And among the gram-positive bacteria detected, the proportion of Enterococcus faecalis and Feces Enterococcus was 6.8% (8 strains) and 3.4% (4 strains), respectively. The bacteria showed highly resistance to cephalosporins, quinolones and sulfonamides, but showed high sensitive to nitrofurantoin, carbopenems, the enzyme inhibitor complex and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Conclusions There is a diversity of bacteria involved in UTI, and the top 3 pathogens are Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella species. The resistance rate is high, and nitrofurantoin, amilacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoperazone-sulbactam are the recommended antibiotics to treat the UTI, but the antibiotic should be adjusted according to susceptibility results.