Retinal neovascularization is a complicated pathophysiological process as a result of imbalance between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Correct understanding of the signaling pathways, exploring the critical factors involved in retinal angiogenesis, looking for new strategies by reconstructing the new vessels are helpful for knowing the mechanism of the occurrence and development of reitnal neovascularization, which would be good for preventing and treating retinal neovascularization diseases.