ObjectiveTo explore the potential relationship between sleep apnea characterized by different Sleep Apnea subtype and cardiac structure and function.MethodsBased on the composition of sleep respiratory events, this study aimed to analyze whether patients with different subtype of sleep apnea exhibit specific cardiac structural characteristics. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 223 patients admitted to Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between 2018 and 2024 who completed polysomnography (PSG) and echocardiography. Participants were categorized into four groups based on respiratory event: ① with Cheyne-Stokes respiration Events (CSB), ② with central sleep apnea events and without CSB Event (ICA), ③ with obstructive sleep apnea events mainly (IOA), ④ non-sleep apnea controls (NSA), and observed the correlation of PSG parameters and echocardiographic.ResultsPatients with sleep apnea accompanied by CSR were older (χ2=36.014, P<0.001) and exhibited significantly larger left atrial diameter (χ2=41.823, P<0.001) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (χ2=20.397, P<0.001) compared to other groups. Other sleep apnea subtypes demonstrated varying degrees of increased interventricular septal thickness (χ2=25.272, P<0.001) and left ventricular wall thickness (χ2=21.650, P<0.001) relative to non-apneic controls.ConclusionsAll sleep apnea subtypes are associated with hypertension-related cardiac structural alterations. Notably, patients with CSR-complicated sleep apnea exhibit more severe cardiac remodeling, leading to impaired systolic and diastolic functions.