Objective To study the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in prophase of acute peritoneal cavity infection. Methods NaHS was taken as a donor of H2S. Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups randomly:control group, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and treated with natural saline group,CLP and treated with NAHS group, and CLP and treated with DL-propargylglycine (PAG, an inhibitor of H2S formation) group. Selected 6 rats at 2h, 6h, and 12h after treatment in each group. The contents of TNF-αand H2S in serum and the content of MPO in intestinal tissue were measured, respectively. The histopathological change of ileum tissues were observed at 6 h after treatment in each group. Results The H2S could alleviate CLP-induced inflammation obviously, decrease the content of TNF-α in serum when inflammation,and attenuate the infiltration of neutrophilic granulocyte in small intestine. Conclusion The H2S has anti-inflammation effect in prophase of acute peritoneal cavity infection.