Mitochondrial quality control includes mechanisms such as mitochondria-derived vesicles, fusion / fission and autophagy. These processes rely on the collaboration of a variety of key proteins in the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria to jointly regulate the morphological structure and functional integrity of mitochondria, repair mitochondrial damage, and maintain the homeostasis of their internal environment. The imbalance of mitochondrial quality control is associated with leukemia. Therefore, by exploring the mechanisms related to mitochondrial quality control of various leukemia cells and their interactions with immune cells and immune microenvironment, this article sought possible targets in the treatment of leukemia, providing new ideas for the immunotherapy of leukemia.