目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)+腹腔镜胆总管探查术(LCDE)和括约肌切开取石术(EST)+LC两种方法处理胆囊结石合并胆管结石的优缺点,探索胆囊结石合并胆管结石的最佳处理方法。方法:回顾行分析我院2007年9月至2009年6月采用微创处理27例胆囊结石合并胆管结石病例,其中LC+LCDE 15例,EST+LC 12例。比较其手术时间、围手术期并发症、住院时间及术后结石复发及发生胆管炎等。结果:27例手术均获成功,结石全部取净,无中转开腹。LC+EST组手术时间短,术后恢复快,但住院时间长,围手术期并发症多。术后随访3月,两组均无结石复发及发生胆管炎等。结论:微创方法治疗胆囊结石合并胆管结石具有创伤小、效果好、恢复快等优点,对于具体病例应根据胆管扩张情况、结石多少及位置以及十二指肠乳头功能决定具体的微创方式。
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo construct an mdr1 expression vector and detect its expression in HepG2 cells in vitro. MethodsThe 4.5-kb mdr1 cDNA was obtained from the plasmid pHaMDR1 cloned into the PCIneo mammalian expression vector, which was later transferred into human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 by liposome. Then the HepG2 cells resisting G418 were clustered and proliferated，and the specific fragment of mdr1 cDNA, mRNA and the Pgp in these HepG2 cells were detected by means of PCR, RT-PCR and FCM respectively. ResultsThe mdr1 expression vector was constructed successfully，and the stable multidrug resistance(MDR) hepatocarcinoma cell line （HepG2/mdr1） was developed as well. The outcome of PCR analysis showed that the specific fragment of mdr1 cDNA could be found in HepG2/mdr1 cells, but not in the nontransfection HepG2 cells. Furthermore,the content of the specific fragment of mdr1 mRNA and the expression of P-gp in HepG2/mdr1 cells were (59.7±7.9)% and (12.5±5.45)% respectively, the corresponding value in HepG2 cells were (16.9±3.2)% and (4.63±2.59)% respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). ConclusionIt is praticable to develop MDR hepatocarcinoma cell line by transferring mdr1 cDNA into HepG2 cells, which is useful in the research of MDR mechanism.
ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical experience of the uniportal thoracoscopic anatomical sub-segmentectomy of the basal segment. MethodsThe clinical data of 34 patients who underwent uniportal thoracoscopic anatomical sub-segmentectomy of the basal segment in our department between April 2018 and April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 19 males and 15 females with a median age of 56.5 (28.0-76.0) years, a 3-4 cm incision was made in the 5th intercostal area at the front axillary line, and anatomical sub-segmentectomy of the basal segment was performed. Results The surgery was successfully performed in all patients, and there was no patient with additional chest incision or transfer to thoracotomy. The median operation time was 165.0 (125.0-220.0) min, intraoperative blood loss was 120.0 (70.0-290.0) mL, thoracic drainage time was 3.5 (2.0-24.0) d, and hospitalization time was 6.0 (3.0-26.0) d. There was no death during the hospitalization. Postoperative complications included 4 patients of atrial fibrillation, 2 patients of blood sputum, 3 patients of persistent air leakage, and they were recovered after conservative treatment. One patient developed pneumothorax after discharge, 1 patient developed pleural effusion, and both of them recovered after drainage. Postoperative pathology showed microinvasive adenocarcinoma in 22 patients, adenocarcinoma in situ in 7 patients, benign tumors in 5 patients. The lymph nodes were negative in all patients. Conclusion The uniportal thoracoscopic anatomical sub-segmentectomy of the basal segment is safe and feasible, and can be popularized and applied in clinic.
Objective To investigate the significance of spread through air spaces (STAS) in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing either sublobar resection or lobectomy by pooling evidence available, and to assess the accuracy of frozen sections in determining types of resection among patients with suspected presence of STAS. MethodsStudies were identified by searching databases including PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library from inception to July 2022. Two researchers independently searched, screened, evaluated literature, and extracted data. Statistical analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 and STATA 15.0. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the study. ResultsA total of 26 studies involving 23 surgical related studies (12 266 patients) were included, among which, 11 compared the outcomes of lobectomy with sublobar resection in the STAS-positive patients. NOS score≥6 points. Meta-analysis indicated that presence of STAS shortened patients' survival in both lobectomy group and sublobar resection group (RFS: HR=2.27, 95%CI 1.96-2.63, P＜0.01; OS: HR=2.08, 95%CI 1.74-2.49, P＜0.01). Moreover, lobectomy brought additional survival benefits to STAS-positive patients compared with sublobar resection (RFS: HR=1.97, 95%CI 1.59-2.44, P＜0.01; OS: HR=1.91, 95%CI 1.47-2.48, P＜0.01). Four studies were included to assess the accuracy of identifying presence of STAS on intraoperative frozen sections, of which the pooled sensitivity reached 55% (95%CI 45%-64%), the pooled specificity reached 92% (95%CI 77%-97%), and the pooled area under the curve was 0.68 (95%CI 0.64-0.72) based on the data available. Conclusion This study confirms that presence of STAS is a critical risk factor for patients with early-stage NSCLC. Lobectomy should be recommended as the first choice when presence of STAS is identified on frozen sections, as lobectomy can prolong patients' survival compared with sublobar resection in STAS-positive disease. The specificity of identifying STAS on frozen sections seems to be satisfactory, which may be helpful in determining types of resection. However, more robust methods are urgently in need to make up for the limited sensitivity and accuracy of frozen sections.
ObjectiveTo investigate whether adjuvant therapy can bring survival benefits to patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who have received neoadjuvant therapy plus esophagectomy. MethodsStudies were identified by searching databases including PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and CNKI from inception to November 2022 to collect studies which conformed to the objective of this study. Clinical outcomes including overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were extracted from eligible studies after screening. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 14.0 were used to perform the meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 9 studies were selected including 1 340 patients. Compared with the neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery (NS) group, the neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery+adjuvant therapy (NS+A) group had no significant benefit in the OS [HR=0.88, 95%CI (0.75, 1.02), P=0.09], but had remarkable benefit in the RFS [HR=0.75, 95%CI (0.58, 0.97), P=0.03]. Subgroup analysis by nodal status showed that adjuvant therapy could improve the RFS of patients with node-positive disease. Prolonged OS was observed in the patients with both positive and negative nodes but not in the patients with only positive nodes. In terms of the subgroup analysis by prescription, it revealed that triple agents exhibited advantages in improving RFS but not OS. However, dual agents did not bring additional survival benefits to the NS+A group compared with the NS group. Subgroup analysis by adjuvant therapy indicated that neither postoperative chemoradiotherapy nor chemotherapy improved OS, whereas postoperative chemoradiation elongated RFS. ConclusionAdjuvant therapy can improve the prognosis of patients with ESCC after neoadjuvant therapy followed by esophagectomy.