ObjectiveTo further understand function of circular RNA (circRNA) and explore its relationship with occurrence and development of gastric cancer and its value in diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.MethodThe published literatures on the circRNA function and its relationship with gastric cancer were reviewed and summarized.ResultsThe closed loop structure of circRNA made it was enzymatically stable. At present, it was clear that the circRNA acted as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge and regulated the gene transcription by binding with the corresponding sites, even could be as a translation template to participate in the protein translation. Further the circRNA could act on the target gene regulated by the miRNA through the miRNA sponge. The biosignal pathway involved in the development of gastric cancer regulated by the growth of gastric cancer cells. The circRNA was differentially expressed in the gastric cancer tissue and its adjacent tissue as well as in the serums of patient and healthy human, which had the close relationships with the clinical features (pathological staging, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, CEA, CA19-9, etc.) and the poor prognosis and shorter postoperative survival time of patients with gastric cancer.ConclusionsDue to structural characteristics of circRNA closed loop, it has an enzyme stability and can play a variety of biological functions based on miRNA sponge. Differential expression of circRNA in gastric cancer is expected to play an important role in diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of gastric cancer.
Kommerell's diverticulum is a rare congenital abnormal aortic development. The diverticulum can occur in both left and right aortic arches, from which an aberrant subclavian artery rises to the contralateral side. Only a small number of patients with Kommerell's diverticulum present symptoms. Dysphagia, dyspnea, chest discomfort and upper extremity blood pressure difference are common in adult patients. The risk of aortic dissection or aortic aneurysm rupture is higher in such patients than that in patients with normal aorta. Early surgical intervention is recommended to improve the prognosis. Treatment options include open surgical repair, hybrid operation and total endovascular repair. The choice of surgical method depends on the specific anatomy of patients, the patients' state and the preference of surgeons. This paper reviewed and summarized the surgical methods and early results of the treatment of Kommerell's diverticulum reported in the literature from 2015 to 2020.
Objective To systematically review the effectiveness of Yindan Xinnaotong capsule for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods We electronically searched databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, CBM, CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data for published articles of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Yindan Xinnaotong capsule plus conventional drugs versus conventional drugs for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases from inception to April, 2016. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 62 RCTs involving 6 306 patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the improvement of symptoms, such as the total clinical effective rate of cerebrovascular disease indications (stroke) (RR=1.25, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.31,P<0.000 01), and the total clinical effective rate of cerebrovascular disease (ischemic headache) indications (RR=1.27, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.38,P<0.000 01), and the total clinical effective rate of coronary heart disease and angina pectoris (RR=1.21, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.25,P<0.000 01), were superior in the combination arm to the conventional drugs alone arm. Conclusion The current evidence shows that the combination of Yindan Xinnaotong capsule and conventional drugs may significantly improve the effectiveness. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, the above conclusions need more high quality studies to verify.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of Yangyinqingfei decoction for chronic cough and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.MethodsWe electronically searched databases including PubMed, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Yangyinqingfei decoction for chronic cough and COPD patients from inception to August 2016. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.ResultsTwenty-four RCTs involving 2 268 patients with COPD and chronic cough were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, Yangyinqingfei decoction combined with the conventional medicine could significantly improve clinical effective rate (RR=1.21, 95%CI 1.16 to 1.27, P<0.000 01) and lung function (SMD=0.76, 95%CI 0.59 to 0.94, P<0.000 01) in patients with COPD. Yangyinqingfei decoction combined with the conventional medicine group was superior to the control group (RR=1.41, 95%CI 1.22 to 1.64, P<0.000 01) in clinical efficacy for adults patients with chronic cough. In terms of safety, seven cases occurred adverse reactions in the Yangyinqingfei decoction group, while 13 were found in the control group, the types and degree of adverse reactions in both groups were almost the same.ConclusionThe combination of Yangyinqingfei plus conventional medicine may significantly improve the clinical efficacy for chronic cough and COPD with reliable safety. However, due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, the above conclusions are needed to verify by more high quality studies.
Objective To summarize research progress of relationship between chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) and colonic cancer. Method The related literatures in recent years on the relationship between the CLIC1 and the colonic cancer were reviewed and analyzed. Results The CLIC1 could play its physiological function as a chloride ion channel, with a wide tissue distribution and high expression in many tumor tissues. The abnormal expression of CLIC1 could result in many diseases and participate in many processes such as the occurrence, development, metastasis, and treatment of the colonic cancer. Conclusions CLIC1 might be a biomarker for early diagnosis and a target for gene therapy of colonic cancer, key genes regulated its expression, signal transduction pathways involved in occurrence and progression of colonic cancer, and interaction with other related molecules are still unclear, and further study is needed.
ObjectiveTo understand the function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) colon cancer associated transcript-1 (CCAT1) and summarize its relationship with gastric cancer.MethodThe published literatures on the studies of lncRNA CCAT1 function and its relationship with gastric cancer were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsThe lncRNA CCAT1 exerted the negative regulation on the genes by binding to microRNAs (miR) as a competitive endogenous RNA, mediating chromatin circulation between the c-MYC promoter and its upstream enhancer, and promoted the expression of c-MYC gene. The recent studies had found that the CCAT1 could bind to the miR-219-1 and miR-490, thereby promoting the progress of gastric cancer. The expression of lncRNA CCAT1 in the gastric cancer tissues increased, which was obviously different from that in the paracancer tissues and normal tissues. The high expression of lncRNA CCAT1 was related to the tumor size, lymphatic metastasis and TNM stage.ConclusionsThe specific mechanism, intracellular signal transduction pathway and interaction mechanism between CCAT1 and other molecules involved in the progress of gastric cancer still need to be further explored. With the in-depth study of lncRNA, especially CCAT1, it may provide a broader prospect for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer as a target of CCAT1.
ObjectiveTo summarize the mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) and the research progress in targeting NETs to reduce HIRI, providing valuable reference for reducing HIRI. MethodThe related literatures at home and abroad about the role of NETs in the pathogenesis of HIRI and target NETs to alleviate HIRI were retrieved and reviewed. ResultsHIRI usually appeared in the process of liver surgery and was a common clinical problem, which occured in situations such as liver surgery, organ transplantation, liver ischemia and so on. This kind of injury would lead to tissue necrosis, inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which was a major cause of hepatic dysfunction and multiple organ failure after hepatic surgery, greatly increases the complications and mortality after hepatic surgery. NETs played a crucial role in the aseptic inflammatory response induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. During hepatic ischemia-reperfusion, neutrophils promoted inflammatory cascade reactions and cytokine storms by forming NETs, exacerbating damage caused by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. At present, some experimental and clinical studies had shown that inhibiting the formation of NETs or eliminating the formed NETs could alleviate the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and improve the prognosis. ConclusionsTargeting NETs may become a new method for treating hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the future, it is foreseeable that more experiments and clinical trials will be conducted on targeted NETs for the treatment of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. And gradually establish more comprehensive and effective treatment strategies, thereby providing new ways to improve the prognosis of hepatic surgery patients in clinical practice.
Objective To analyze cause and therapy of perforation of choledocho-pancreatico-duodenal junction associated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and its related procedures. Method The clinical data of 11 patients diagnosed with the perforation of choledocho-pancreatico-duodenal junction associated with the ERCP from January 2010 to January 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Of 11 patients, 5 were diagnosed within 24 h, 3 were diagnosed between 24 h and 48 h, 3 were diagnosed above 48 h. Seven patients who immediately operated were cured following definitive diagnosis, 2 died after undergoing the delayed operation, 2 died after receiving the conservative treatment. The results of the anatomical-pathological factors showed that 4 were the anomalous arrangement of pancreaticobiliary ducts, 2 were the periampullary diverticula, 3 were the exposure of common bile duct in the pancreas level, 2 had no bile duct abnormality. Conclusions Preoperative evaluation on anatomical-pathological factor of bile duct is importance to effectively predict risk of perforation of choledocho-pancreatico-duodenal junction associated with ERCP. Early precise diagnosis and actively surgical operation are essential for optimal outcome in patient with perforation of choledocho-pancreatico-duodenal junction associated with ERCP.
Objective To analyze the clinical effect of hybrid surgery on complex type B aortic dissection in 5 years. Methods A retrospective analysis of 47 patients with complex type B aortic dissection in the Central Hospital of Wuhan affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from 2014 to 2017 was conducted, including 42 males and 5 females with an average age of 54.9±11.2 years. Twenty-one patients underwent the left common carotid artery to the left subclavian artery bypass (a bypass group), and 26 patients underwent the left common carotid artery to the left subclavian artery transposition (a transposition group). Results All patients accepted hybrid surgery successfully. There was no statistical difference in arterial occlusion time or intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (P＞0.05). The 5-year follow-up rate was 100.0% (47/47). During the follow-up period, 12 (25.5%) patients developed complications, including 5 (10.6%) patients of endoleak, 5 (10.6%) patients of hoarseness, 2 (4.3%) patients of stroke/dizziness. There was no patient of left upper limb weakness, paraplegia or retrograde aotic dissection. The reconstructed left subclavian artery remained patent in 46 (97.9%) patients. The overall 5-year survival rate was 100.0%. Conclusion The long-term therapeutic outcome of hybrid surgery for the treatment of complex type B aortic dissection is satisfying. In 5 years, the rebuilt left subclavian artery has a remarkable patency rate. Endoleak and hoarseness are the most common surgical complications.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress on the pathogenesis of ischemic bile duct injury after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).MethodThe recent studies on the incidence, pathological features and related mechanisms of ischemic bile duct injury and ischemic bile duct injury after TACE were reviewed.ResultsThe incidence of ischemic bile duct injury after liver TACE fluctuated greatly and was related to different chemoembolization methods. At present, the causes of ischemic bile duct injury were attributed to the bile duct ischemia caused by embolization and the toxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. The destruction of protective mechanism of bile duct epithelium and the expression of transforming growth factor-β might play an important role in ischemic bile duct injury.ConclusionsAfter liver TACE, in addition to the direct injury of bile duct caused by the toxic effects of ischemia and chemotherapy drugs, the damage of bile duct epithelial protection mechanism caused by ischemia and chemotherapy drugs makes the toxic effects of bile acids play a very important role in the ischemic bile duct injury. However, there is still no direct evidence of bile duct epithelial protection mechanism in ischemic bile duct injury after liver TACE. Further clarifying the role of bile duct epithelial protection mechanism in ischemic bile duct injury after liver TACE will be helpful to explore its prevention and treatment measures, and provide new insights for the further studies in future.