Objective To review the regulating effects of estrogen on endothel ial cell functions, the involved endothel ial progenitor cells (EPCs), and the related VEGF, and explore the mechanism of estrogen participating in new vesselformation on wound basement and wound heal ing. Methods Recent l iterature about biological effects of estrogen oncapillary vessel formation was reviewed. Results The formation of new vessel in the wound’s granulation tissue contained vasculogenesis and vascularization, and the new vessels could transport the oxygen and nutrient for the metabol ism of the local heal ing tissue. The estrogen effected vascular endothel ial cells through its receptors. Peripheral vascular EPCs differentiated into endothel ial cells and participated into the formation of new vessels. Estradiol exerted influences on the dynamics of vascular EPCs and the neovascularization. VEGF was a key mediator in the processes of estradiol regulating angiogenesis. Conclusion Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate vessel formation in wound heal ing, especially how estrogen modulates its receptor and angiogenic factor, may provide new approaches for managing wound heal ing.
Objective To explore the mechanism of laser and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of hemangioma. Methods A total of 48 6-month-old male chickens were divided into 6 groups, with 8 in each group. The side with the untreated comb served as the control. Group A was the control group. In groups B and C, the combs received laser irradiation once of 10 J/cm2 and 15 J/cm2, respectively, for 2-3 minutes. In group D, hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) of 10 mg/kg was injected into the left-side axillary vein once. In groups E and F, the combs received laser irradiation of 10 J/cm2 and 15 J/cm2, respectively, after 10 mg/kg HMME was injected for 10 minutes into the left-side axillary vein. On the 14th day, HE staining was performed and the decrease rate of the number of capillary vessels was calculated. Besides, TUNEL stainingwas conducted to observe the condition of capillary endothel ium apoptosis. Results No animal died after the operation,the combs in groups A and D had no obvious changes in shape and color, but the ones in the other groups had leukasmus, edema, necrosis and dark crust. According to histological observation, in groups A and D, the combs had no obvious changes. But in the other groups, tissue exudation, edema, inflammatory cell exudation, decreasing number of vessels, waning vascular cal iber, thrombus, and partial capillary endothel ium apoptosis were found. The decrease rate of the number of capillary vessels was as follows: 7.87% ± 2.50% in group A, 48.58% ± 5.10% in group B, 57.58% ± 8.17% in group C, 8.84% ± 3.13% in group D, 61.26% ± 16.87% in group E and 68.56% ± 10.54% in group F. The apoptosis index in all groups was 1.05 ± 0.76, 82.22 ± 6.18, 94.13 ± 1.64, 1.38 ± 0.52, 101.88 ± 5.94, 104.88 ± 6.22, respectively. There were significant differences between groups B, C, E, F and groups A, D in the above two items (P lt; 0.01). There were significant differences between groups B and E as well as between groups C and F (P lt; 0.01). There were no significant differences between groups B and C as well as groups E and F (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion Apoptosis of capillary endothel ium maybe play an important role in the laser and photodynamic therapy of hemangioma apart from the direct effect of laser.
Objective To construct a tissue engineering skin containing capillary-like network by employing tissue engineering method.Methods The numan umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) were isolated from a new-born umbilical cord. The keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts were isolated from a new-born foreskin biopsy. After thecollagen gelwas prepared, the fibroblasts and the vascular endothelial cells were added in a ratio of 1 to 1 to construct a skin substitute containing capillary-like network. The skin substitute was observed by HE staining and immuno histochemical staining (Ⅷ factor). The reconstructed skin containing capillary-like network was used to repair the nude mice skin defects in the experimental group. The tissue engineering skin containing no vascular endothelial cells was used in control group.Results Capillary-like network could be observed inthe dermal layer of the tissue engineering skin, and the nude mice skin defectswere repaired by the skin substitutes in the experimental group. In control group, no capillary-like network was found.Conclusion The tissue engineering skin containing capillary-like network is successfully constructed in vitro and can be used to repair the full-thickness skin defects.
To investigate the influence of injury of nutrient artery on the blood supply of inner 2/3 of cortical and intramedullary tissue, the experiment was carried out on twenty-four rabbits. Four rabbits were killed and perfused with Chinese ink in femoral artery to survey the blood supply of intramedullary vessels. Others were received fracture on tibia and sacrificed respectively on the third, eighth, eighteenth, twenty-eighth, and forty-second days after fracture. Chinese ink was also perfused through femoral artery on those rabbits. The relative density of capillary vessels were determined. The results were as follows: when the nutrient artery was injured after fracture, blood supply to the intramedullary tissue and the inner 2/3 of cortical bone was interrupted. The intramedullary vessels were increared and dilated. During the whole course of healing of fraeture, the density of intramedullary capillary vessels were higher than normal. It was concluded that the anastomosis between the epiphysis and metaphysis was important in the reconstruction of collateral circulation in healing of fracture.
Objective To observe the effect of resveratrol on retinal vasculopathy in diabetic rats. Methods Forty-five Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into the resveratrol group, treatment control group and the normal control group, 15 rats in each group. Diabetic rat models were induced with streptozotocin injection in resveratrol group and treatment control group. The same volume of sterile saline solution was injected into the rats of the normal control group. The rats of resveratrol group and treatment control group were feed with highfat diet. The rats of resveratrol group received oral gavage of resveratrol (75 mg/kg) twice a day for four months. The same volume of sterile saline solution was given by gavage in rats of treatment control group twice a day for four months. 2 ml femoral vein blood and 50 mu;l aqueous fluid of anterior chamber of the eye from rats of three groups were collected to detect fasting blood glucose, aqueous fluid glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride. The retinal vascular permeability was test by labeling with evans blue. Whole retina was isolated to detect the pericyte number. Total protein was extracted from retina to test the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results The fasting blood glucose, aqueous fluid glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride in treatment control group were higher than those in normal control group, also higher than those in resveratrol group except cholesterol. The differences among the three groups were statistically significant (F=152.809, 65.230, 3.861, 15.059; P＜0.05). The retinal vascular permeability in treatment control group was higher than that in normal control group, while it in resveratrol group was lower than that in treatment control group. The differences among the three groups was statistically significant (F=11.626,P＜0.05). The pericyte number in treatment control group decreased as compared to normal control group, while it in resveratrol group increased as compared to treatment control group. The differences among the three groups was statistically significant (F=43.284, P＜0.05). The VEGF expression in treatment control group increased as compared to normal control group, while it in resveratrol group decreased as compared to treatment control group. The differences among the three groups was statistically significant (F=14.017, P＜0.05). Conclusion Resveratrol can improve abnormal retinal vasculopathy structure and function, down-regulated level of fasting blood glucose, aqueous fluid glucose, triglyceride and VEGF may be the mechanism.
Objective To observe the dimensions of the capillary blood vessel arch in central fovea of macula and the foveal avascular area (FAZ), and their relationships with age.Methods Retina in macula of 32 cadavers eyes were isolated . Retinal vessels were immunostained by collagen type IV and examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The area and diameter of the FAZ were measured, and the relationship between FAZ and age was analysed. Results The parafoveolar capillary network was observed clearly by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The average area of the FAZ was (0.24±0.13) mm2, and the average diameter was (0.54±0.15) mm. The area and diameter of the FAZ did not show any correlation with age.Conclusions The parafoveolar capillary network could be observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The size of the FAZ does not change with age. The dimensions of the parafoveolar capillary network may not be influenced by age. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：73-75)
Objective To evaluate the accuracy of newer-generation home blood glucose meter (Accu-Check? Integra) in patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 109 cases with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes or IGR who were asked to take oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), while paired samples, that were Accu-Check? Integra in capillary blood glucose (CBG) and laboratory glucose in venous plasma glucose (VPG ), were taken simultaneously. Taking VPG as the reference value, the accuracy of the home glucose meter was assessed according to the international standardization organization (ISO), including, the accuracy was studied by means of Median absolute difference (Median AD) and Median absolute relative difference (Median RAD), the consistency of CBG and VPG was studied by Clarke Error Grid analysis, the correlation of CBG and VPG was analyzed according to liner regression analysis, and the sensitivity and specificity for hyperglycemia were also calculated. Results There were 292 VPG values paired with CBG values, among which 93.49% of CBG values met ISO home glucose meter criteria, the median AD was 7.2 mg/dL, and the median RAD was 4.76%. Paired glucose measurements from the Accu-Check Integra meter and laboratory glucose measurement demonstrated that 100% of paired points in the overall subject population fell in zones A and B of the Clarke Error Grid. The CBG value was well correlated to VPG value in the overall level, and the sensitivity and specificity were 94.6% and 95.7% respectively for hyperglycemia. Conclusion The newer-generation home blood glucose meter (Accu-Check? Integra) demonstrates a high degree of accuracy, and it can precisely report the real value of blood glucose.
ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of liver capillary permeability in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). MethodsTotally 40 healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups: sham operation (SO) group and SAP group, SAP group were divided into four subgroups according to sampling time (3 h， 6 h, 12 h， and 24 h). The model was established by injecting 5% sodium taurocholate retrogradely into pancreaticobiliary ducts. The changes of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), pathohistology, and tissue moisture content were compared among different groups. Liver occludin protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry method, and occludin mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. ResultsThere was no significant pathological changes of liver tissue in the SO group. Typical pathological changes of SAP， such as interstitial edema, vasodilatation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, were found in the SAP group. TNF-α level and tissue moisture content of each phase increased gradually, and the highest level appeared at 24 h within the observing period. The two above indicators at different time point in subgroups were significantly different from each other and higher than those in the SO group (Plt;0.05)． In the SAP group, the expression of occludin and it’s mRNA began to decrease at 3 h to the bottom at 6 h and rebounced significantly at 12 h, 24 h compared with those at 6 h (Plt;0.05), but still lower than those in the SO group (Plt;0.05). ConclusionUpregulation in TNF-α and subsequent downregulation in occludin protein and mRNA maybe bly related to the severe liver capillary permeability in rats with SAP.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of pulsed colloid infusion combined with continuous blood purification (CBP) for treatment of severe capillary leak syndrome (CLS). MethodsAccording to random principle,61 patients were divided into a control group(n=21),a CBP1 group(n=18) and a CBP2 group(n=22). All patients of three groups received routine treatment according to international guidelines 2008 for management of severe sepsis. The patients in the control group also received pulsed infusion colloid combined lasix. The patients in the CBP1 and CBP2 groups also received continuous veno-venous hemofiltration(CVVH) for 72 hours. The patients in the CBP1 group received concentrated colloid infusion combined lasix,and the patients in the CBP2 group received concentrated colloid infusion combined removing fluid. Blood gas analysis and Impedance Cardiography was performed before and 24,48 and 72 hours after therapy. The angiopoietin-2(Ang-2) was measured. Also the length of ICU stay,duration of mechanical ventilation,and death rate of patients in 28 days were observed. ResultsCompared with the control group and the CBP1 group,the length of ICU stay(days) and duration of mechanical ventilation (days) in the CBP2 group were significantly shorter(P<0.05),and the death rate in 28 days was lower(P<0.05). The patients in the CBP2 group showed more reduction in the APACHEⅡ score compared with the CBP1 group after therapy(P<0.05). The oxygenation index in the CBP2 group respectively increased at 24,48 and 72 hours after therapy(P<0.05). Compared with the control group and the CBP1 group,the oxygenation index in the CBP2 group respectively increased at the same time(P<0.05). The thoracic fluid content (TFC) in the CBP2 group respectively decreased at 24,48 and 72 hours(P<0.05) after therapy,and decreased compared with the control group and the CBP1 group at the same time(P<0.05). The serum levels of Ang-2 in the CBP2 group respectively decreased at 24,48 and 72 hours after therapy(P<0.05),and decreased compared with the control group and the CBP1 group at the same time(P<0.05). ConclusionPulsed colloid infusion combined with continuous blood purification can reduce the severity of capillary leak and improves the outcome of patients with severe sepsis.
Objective To investigate the changes of expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1) in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and to study the relationship between the ZO-1 protein and microvascular injury in rats with SAP. Methods Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operation (SO) group and SAP group, each group enrolled 24 rats. Pancreas of rats in SO group were flipped only after laparotomies, but rats of SAP group were injected with 5% sodium taurocholate by retrograding cholangiopancreatography micro pump to produce the SAP model. At 6, 12, and 24 hours after operation, 8 rats were sacrificed to get abdominal aortic blood for testing the levels of peripheral blood amylase, trypsin, interleukin-8(IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and ZO-1 protein. At the same time, pancreatic tissues were got to perform HE staining and immunohistochemical staining for observation of the pathological changes and the expression of ZO-1 protein respectively. Results Compared with SO group at the same time, the levels of peripheral blood amylase, trypsin, IL-8, TNF-α, and ZO-1 protein were all higher in SAP group (P < 0.05). The level of amylase in SAP-24 hours group was higher than those of 6 hours group and 12 hours group(P < 0.05), the levels of trypsin, IL-8, and ZO-1 protein in SAP group increased over time (P < 0.05), but levels of TNF-αin 3 time points of SAP group did not differ with each other significantly(P > 0.05). Results of regression showed that in the SAP group, the level of ZO-1 protein in serum was significantly positive correlated with pathological score of pancreatic tissue(b=0.96, P < 0.05), levels of serum amylase(b=0.87, P < 0.05), trypsin(b=0.72, P < 0.05), and serum IL-8 (b=0.69, P < 0.05), but was not significantly correlated with level of TNF-α(P > 0.05). HE staining results showed that damage of pancreatic tissues became worse over time in SAP group, and the pathological score of SAP-6 hours group was lower than those of 12 hours group and 24 hours group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining results showed that, in SAP group, with the extension of time, the number of ZO-1 protein granules in pancreatic acinar cells and capillary wall reduced, and expressed in capillaries discontinuously. Conclusion During the course of SAP, the concentration of serum ZO-1 protein increase, but its expression in the pancreatic tissue degrade, which is closely associated with microvascular injury and progression of pancreatic tissues.