Objective To investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) embedded in fibrin glue around chemical extracted acellular nerve allograft (CEANA) on the peripheral nerve regeneration. Methods Twenty-oneadult male C57 mice (weighing 25-30 g) and 15 adult male Balb/c mice (weighing 25-30 g) were selected. The sciatic nerves were harvested from the Balb/c mice to prepare CEANA. The BMSCs were isolated from 3 C57 mice and were cultured; BMSCs embedded in fibrin glue were cultured for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Then the supernatant was obtained and co-cultured with PC12 cells for 2 days to observe the PC12 cell growth in vitro. The other 18 C57 mice were used to establ ish the left sciatic nerve defect models of 10 mm and divided into 3 groups: autogenous nerve graft with fibrin glue (group A, n=6), CEANA graft with BMSCs (5 × 106) embedded in fibrin glue (group B, n=6), and CEANA graft with fibrin glue (group C, n=6). The right sciatic nerves were exposed as the controls. At 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, the mouse static sciatic index (SSI) was measured. The histomorphometric assessment of triceps surae muscles and nerve grafts were evaluated by Masson staining, toluidine blue staining, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observationat 8 weeks after operation. Results BMSCs were uniform distribution in fibrin glue, which were spherical in shape, and the cells began to grow apophysis at 3 days. PC12 cells differentiated into neuron-l ike cells after addition supernatant co-cultured after 2 days. Incisions healed well in each group. At 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, the SSI increased gradually in 3 groups. SSI in group A was higher than that in groups B and C at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after operation (P lt; 0.05). SSI in group B was sl ightly higher than that in group C, but had no significant difference (P gt; 0.05). At 8 weeks, the wet weight recovery rate of triceps surae muscles and fibers number of myel inated nerve were better in group B than in group C, but worse in group B than in group A, showing significant differences (P lt; 0.05). The triceps surae muscle fibers area and myel in sheath thickness had significant differences between group B and group C (P lt; 0.01), but there was no significant difference between group A and group B (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion BMSCs embedded in fibrin glue around CEANA can improve functional recovery of peripheral nerve injury.