Endogenous pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) shows great potential as a drug target for the treatment of diabetes retinopathy (DR) due to its anti-angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects. PEDF plays a biological role by combining with receptor proteins on cell membrane surface and regulating a variety of signaling pathways. Low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 6 plays a role in inhibiting oxidative stress reaction, inflammatory reaction, and neovascularization of DR. Adipose triglyceride lipase, laminin receptor, plexin domain containing 1 (PLXDC) 1, PLXDC2 and F1-adenosine triphosphate synthase have the effect of promoting endothelial cell apoptosis, among which PLXDC1 also has neuroprotective effect. By clarifying the receptor that PEDF acts on, exploring the affinity between the receptor and PEDF, the difference in the expression level of each receptor in the process of disease, and the specific function that PEDF plays after binding with specific receptors, we can develop fusion protein drugs for the active domain of high affinity of receptors, have a clearer understanding of the pathogenesis of DR, and take PEDF or PEDF receptor as the target to consolidate the theoretical basis for the development of new therapeutic drugs and strategies for DR.
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an indolent B cell derived non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is the main type of uveal lymphoma and is extremely rare. The pathogenesis of ocular MALT lymphoma remains unclear. It is now considered to be associated with many causes. The manifestations of primary uveal MALT lymphoma differ. So sometimes it is necessary to diagnose depending on diversity of auxiliary tests. Ultrasound examination shows typical low and homogeneous internal reflectivity, with blood flow signal. Optical coherence tomography, fundus imaging, fundus angiography, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography computerized tomography can assist diagnosing. Primary uveal MALT lymphoma is sensitive to radiation therapy, chemotherapy and biotherapy have positive influence too. The prognosis of uveal MALT lymphoma is good, but its early diagnosis is rather challenging. The nonspecific clinical manifestations and the rarity of the disease can confound the initial diagnosis, resulting in delayed treatments which may cause irreversible vision loss.