Objective To observe the classification,clinical and pathological features of ciliary body tumors. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 11 cases of primary ciliary body tumors were analysed retrospectively. Results By pathological examination,the tumors of these cases were devided into malignant melanoma (2 cases), benign melanocytoma (3 cases),leiomyoma (2 cases), and angio-leiomyoma, neurilemoma, non-special granuloma and medulloepithelioma (1 case respectively). Both of the benign and malignant tumors of ciliary body tended to grow and enlarge progressively. The cardinal clinical manifestations of this series of 11 cases were as follows: elevation of intraocular pressure in 7, local scleral vascular dilatation in 5, secondary exudative retinal detachment in 5,and the signs of anterior uveitis in the early stage of tumor growth in 4. Conclusion The histopathological types of cilliary tumors are manifold,and the tumors are prone to enlarge progressively in developement either in benign or malignant ones, so that the rates of clinical misdiagnosis are relatively high. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 273-275)
Objective To investigate the mRNA expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor on the retina during injury and repair of optic nerves in rats. Methods Thirty-five healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: 5 in the control group, 15 in the simply transected optic nerve group and 15 in the optic nerve-sciatic nerve anastomosis group. The simply transected and optic nerve-sciatic nerve anastomosed models were set up, and the retinal tissues of all of the rats were taken out after 3, 7 and 14 days, respectively; and the mRNA expression of CNTF in the 3 groups were observed by semiquantitative reversal transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. Results A minimum expression of CNTF mRNA was found in the retinae of the control group, and the increased rates of expression were found in the retinae of the simple transection of optic nerve group with the increase rate of 100%, 594%, and 485% on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day respectively after the operation, while in optic nerve-sciatic nerve anastomosis group, the increase rates were found to be 258%, 752% and 515% on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day respectively after the operation. Conclusion Retinal neurons can respond to axonal reaction of retinal ganglion cells by up-regulate endogenous CNTF after the injury of the optic nerves, which may provide a theoretic base for the application of the exogenous CNTF. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：355-357)
Objective To observe the effects of ambroxol injection on mucosal surface structure of trachea injured by intratracheal instillation of amikacin. Methods 280 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups( n = 70 in each group) , ie. a normal control group, a normal saline group( intratracheally instilled normal saline) , an amikacin group ( intratracheally instilled amikacin) , and an ambroxol group ( intratracheally instilled amikacin and ambroxol simultaneously) . At the time points of 2, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours six animals in each group were killed and the samples of 1/3 lower segment of trachea were collected and observed by scanning electron microscope. Endotracheal intubation were made on other 6 animals to collecte broncho-alveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) for leucocyte count. Results Compared with the normal control group, elevated leucocyte count was observed in all other groups, various grades of swelling of the cilia were revealed, followed by more or less cilia laid flat with adjacent cilia conglutinated. Then partial cell membrane on top of some cilia bulged out. In terms of injury, the normal saline group was the most mild, and the amikacin group was most serious with the highest leucocyte count. All the parameters were relieved in ambroxol group. Conclusions Intratracheal instillation of amikacin causes acute injury of the ultrastructure of mucosal surface cilia. Ambroxol can promote the recovery process and alleviate inflammation of airway.
Objective To observe the morphological changes and gene expression during the transdifferentiation of adult retinal pigment epith elial(RPE) cells into neuronal phenotype in vitro induced by retrovirus and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Meothds The adult RPE cells derived from CRL 2302 were infected by retrovirus with green fluoresence protein(GFP)and then were transfected further by liposome mediated CNTF expressing plasmid.The cellular ability of producing CNTG,and the expression of CNTF, CNTF receptor (CNTFR), and signal transduction molecule janus tyrosine kinases (JAK) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemical stainin gand Western blotting method. Results After infected by retrovirus, the configuration of adult RPE cells didnrsquo;t change much, but expressions of neurons and some glial cells markers likeneurofilament (NF) protein and glial fibraillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected. After further transfected by CNTF expressing plasmid, RPE cells which expressed CNTF highly and continuously had differential neurocytes; the expression of CNTFR didnrsquo;t change, but the distribution position changed to the cell membrane; expression of signal transduction molecule JAK increased obviously. Conclusion The adult RPE cells may transdifferentiate into neurons induced by retrvirus and CNTF. The transdifferentiation may relate to CNTF-CNTFR-JAK signal transduction pathway. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 400-403)
Objective To observe the incidence of ciliary detachment and its relationship with intraocular hypotension soon after vitrectomy. Methods A total of 46 eyes of 46 patients who underwent vitrectomy were examined by ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM). The patients were divided into three groups according to different tamponade: gas group (11 eyes), silicone oil group (8 eyes) and balanced saline solution (BSS) group (27 eyes). Basing on the postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), the patients were divided into two groups: IOPlt; 10 mm Hg (25 eyes) and IOPge;10 mm Hg (21 eyes). UBM was applied to determine the tomographic features of the ciliary body 3 days after the surgery. IOP were monitored by noncontact tonometer daily after the surgery. The eyes with ciliary detachment were then examined once a week till the ciliary detachment reattached. The followup period was from 14 to 35 days. Results After vitrectomy, ciliary detachment was observed in 20 eyes of 46 eyes (43.5%), The incidence of ciliary detachment was 27.3％ in gas group, 25.0％ in silicone oil group, and 55.6％in BSS group. The average IOP in eyes with ciliary detachment ［(6.47plusmn;4.49) mm Hg （1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa）］ was significantly lower than that in the eyes without ciliary detachmen ［(15.61plusmn;7.72) mm Hg］ (t=8.031,Plt;0.001). The incidence of ciliary detachment was higher in eyes with postoperative IOP lt;10 mm Hg (68.0％) than that in the eyes with postoperative IOP ge;10 mm Hg (14.3%) (chi;2＝15.60, Plt;0.001). All eyes with postoperative ciliary detachment got spontaneous reattachment within 30 days after the surgery except that one eye had optic disc edema due to severe intraocular hypotension. Conclusions Early postoperative ciliary detachment is a common complication after vitrectomy. Eyes filled with BSS have the highest incidence of postoperative ciliary detachment. Most of the patients with ciliary detachment may get spontaneous reattahment within 30 days after the surgery.
The cyclodialysis cleft is a rare disease characterized by ocular hypotony and vision loss. Gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography are used to evaluate the cleft before treatment. The evaluation of cyclodialysis clefts provide a basis for the selection of treatment and the evaluation of effect. Current popular therapeutic approaches for cyclodialysis clefts include medical management, laser photocoagulation, transscleral diathermy, cryotherapy, cyclopexy and so on. Medical treatment is effective in small-size cyclodialysis cleft. But the indications and course of medical treatment remains controversial. Although laser photocoagulation, transscleral diathermy and cryotherapy are effective to treat cyclodialysis clefts in some cases, there are some risks, such as ocular damage, uncertainty about the effect and so on. Cyclopexy is the principal method for cyclodialysis clefts that failed to respond to conservative management, including extraocular cyclopexy, intraocular cyclopexy and cyclopexy under endoscopic. The modified cyclopexy is effective which reduces the surgical risk. For keeping the lens, intraocular cyclopexy and cyclopexy under endoscopic are not suitable. Vitrectomy combined with other method for cyclodialysis is effective for cyclodialysis clefts which combined with serious posterior segment damage.
Objective To probe the significance of application of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in the diagnosis and management of the iris and ciliary tumors. Methods UBM (Mode 840, Humphrey, 50 MHz 5 mm×5 mm) was done in 34 cases (35 eyes) of iris and ciliary body tumors, and some of the affected eyes underwent B-scan or Doppler ultrasound and CT scan. Histopathological examination of the resected tumor tissues was performed in 21 eyes of the operation. Results Among this series of 35 eyes with iris and ciliary body tumors detected by UBM, the characteristics of locality and solidity of the tumors, i,e., anterior chamber in plantation cyst, cyst behind the iris, and solid tumors of iris and ciliary body, of 21 eyes undergone surgical treatment revealed the same results both in UBM and histopathological examinations. Conclusion UBM can supply precise informations in diagnosis and treatment of tumors of iris and ciliary body. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 128-130)
ObjectiveTo observe and preliminarily analyze the risk factors related to silicone oil dependence after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in open globe injuries (OGI) . MethodsA retrospective clinical study. This study included 211 patients with OGI who received PPV treatment from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2016 in Eye Injury Vitrectomy Study database. Silicone oil dependence was defined as the intraocular pressure ＜10 mm Hg (1 mm Hg= 0.133 kPa) in silicone oil tamponade eye 6 months after PPV. The patient's age, intraocular pressure, type of injury, length of eyeball wound, as well as the presence of ciliary body injury, choroidal injury, and retinal resection and/or defect area were recorded in detail. Logistic multifactorial regression analyzed the correlation between age, eye wound length and ciliary body iinjury, choroidal injury and retinal resection and/or defect severity and silicone oil dependence. Results211 OGI eyes underwent vitrectomy were included, the mean age of the study population was 32.93 years (range 1-73 years), and the median follow-up period was 20.06 months (range 5.85-90.58 months). Among the 211 eyes, 121 (57.3%, 121/211), 52 (24.6%, 52/211), 23 (10.9%, 23/211) and 15 (7.1%, 15/211) were rupture, perforation, intraocular foreign bodies and penetrating injury, respectively. 98 eyes (46.4%, 98/211) of silicone oil dependence in total, among them, 64 (65.3%, 64/98), 19 (19.4%, 19/98), 9 (9.2%, 9/98) and 6 (6.1%, 6/98) eyes were rupture, perforation, intraocular foreign body and penetrating injury, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that silicone oil dependence was significantly associated with ciliary body injury [odds ratio (OR) = 2.150, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.052-4.393], choroidal injury (OR=3.233, 95%CI 1.454-7.191), and retinal injury (OR=2.731, 95%CI 1.393-5.353). No correlation was found with age (OR= 0.981, 95%CI 0.960-1.002) or ocular wound length (OR=1.716, 95%CI 0.987-2.984) (P＞0.05). ConclusionSilicone oil dependency following PPV in OGIs are associated with ciliary body, choroidal, and retinal injuries, but no association with age or length of the ocular wound.
ObjectiveTo establish a method of air-liquid interface culture and ciliary beat frequency measurement of mouse tracheal-bronchial epithelial cells to simulate the physiological function of airway epithelium.MethodsBALB/c mouse tracheal-bronchial epithelial cells were obtained by digestion with 1 mg/mL protease in cold temperature overnight, and the digestion time was optimized to ensure the quantity and viability of the obtained cells. After removing fibroblasts by differential velocity adhesion method, the cells were cultured into collagen coated Transwell inserts. Proliferating phase and air-liquid interface culture were promoted with different culture media.ResultsCell numbers obtained by cold protease overnight digestion for 12 h, 14 h and 16 h were (1.78±0.33)×105, (1.93±0.26)×105 and (2.01±0.28)×105, respectively. Cell viability by trypan blue staining were (96.86±0.25)%, (94.73±1.63)% and (86.87±5.95)%, respectively. Cells were 100% confluent in Transwell chamber after 1-week proliferation, and the ciliary beat frequency was observed under microscope after 2 - 3 weeks of air-liquid interface culture. The cilia structure was confirmed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Ciliary beat frequency of the cells obtained by this method was consistent with that of mouse trachea in vivo, which further demonstrated its capacity in simulating the physiological function of airway epithelium. ConclusionsThe separation and air-liquid interface culture system as well as the ciliary beat frequency measurement method established in this experiment is simple, stable, efficient and reliable, which establishes a substantial foundation for exploring the pathogenesis and treatment mechanism of airway diseases. It can also provide reference for the culture of epithelium in the airway of other species and/or other organs.
Objective To study the effects of several neurotrophic factors and growth factors on the survival of human retinal ganglion cells(RGC)in vitro. Methods RGC were isolated from donor eyes and cultured.RGC in cell culture were identified by morphologic criteria and immunocytochemical staining.Various neurotrophic factors and growth factors were added individually to the cultures.Numbers of RGC in wells in which these agents had been added were compared with those from control wells(cultures without supplements). Results No or very few RGC were present in cell cultures containing medium without supplements or those supplemented with neurotrophin-3(NT-3),nerve growth factor (NGF),epidermal growth factor(EGF)amd plateletderived growth factor(PDGF).Numbers of RGC(per 10 fields)in cell cultures containing brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF),neurotrophin-4/5(NT-4/5)and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)wer 4.08,1.23,2.63 and 2.65,respectively,significantly more than found in the control cultures. Conclusions BDNF,NT-4/5,bFGF,CNTF improve survival of human RGC in vitro,while NGF,NT-3,EGF and PDGF do not. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 149-152)