Objective To investigate the cognitive functions in people at high risk for schizophrenia.Methods Two hundred and twenty-two people at high risk for schizophrenia and 331 normal controls were assessed with 14 neuropsychological tests. Results The results of some neuropsychological tests in people at high risk for schizophrenia were worse than those in the normal controls. These tests included information, arithmetic, digital symbol, block design, logical memory, visual memory, Stroop test, verbal fluency, tower of Hanoi, WCST and CPT (Plt;0.01). The time for trail making test A in was longer in the group at high risk for schizophrenia than in the control group (Plt;0.05).Conclusion People at high risk for schizophrenia have general cognitive deficits. Attention and executive function may represent the genetic endophenotype for schizophrenia.
ObjectiveTo investigate the medical knowledge and treatment compliance of parents of asthma children in Gaoming District, Foshan City. MethodOne hundred consecutive parents of asthma children who sought pediatric service in Gaoming People's Hospital from January to December in 2012 were surveyed by the use of Knowledge-Belief-Behavior Questionnaire developed by Capital Research Center of Pediatrics. ResultsNinety-five of the one hundred questionnaires provided useful data for analysis. Among these parents, 63.18% understood the nature of asthma being hyperactive inflammatory disease of the airways; 78.91% believed it to be controllable by regular treatment; only 21.05% of asthma children under parental guidance received inhaled corticosteroids on a regular basis; 14.74% considered their children fit for physical exercises when stabilized; 22.10% chose inhaled β2 agonists as "relievers" during attacks; 61.05% were concerned about the side effects on growth of inhaled corticosteroids and 48.42% discontinued its use against physician's instruction; 82.11% of asthma children had not been evaluated by Asthma Control Questionnaire. ConclusionsParents of asthma children in Gaoming District, Foshan City have weak links in the understanding of this condition. Though most believe it to be controllable under regular treatment, the overall compliance is unsatisfactory. Therefore, knowledge of asthma should be propagated at various public fronts in order to better improve the treatment compliance and consequently the disease control, of asthma children.
Objective To investigate and analyze the cognition of intraspinal labor analgesia (ILA) of women in labor and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 322 women in labor in West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University between May and September 2015 were investigated by questionnaire, which included the general situation, the pregnancy status, the understanding for labor pain, and the cognition of ILA. Investigator introduced the knowledge of ILA to them after the investigation, and then they were re-investigated for the choice of ILA. Results Only 22.67% of these women in labor knowed ILA clearly, 53.42% heared it but did not understand, and 49.38% liked to use it. The proportion of women in labor who liked to use it increased to 81.89% after introduction, and the difference was significant (P<0.001). Among all factors, the acknowledgement level of ILA and the choice to use it were mainly related to the family awareness concept for labor pain. Conclusions The cognition of ILA of women in labor is not enough, and their using desire is not strong. The family awareness concept is one of the important factors. The education and advertise to the women in labor and their family members after admiting to labor room can increase the choice rate of ILA significantly.
Objective The ReHo, ALFF, fALFF of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) technology were used to study the influencing factors and neural mechanism of cognitive dysfunction in patients with benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECT). Methods Fourteen patients were enrolled (from April 2015 to March 2018) from epilepsy specialist outpatients and Functional Department of Neurosurgery of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital. They underwent the long term VEEG monitoring (one sleep cycle was included at least), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (China Revised), the head MRI and RS-fMRI examinations. Spike-wave index (SWI), FIQ, VIQ, PIQ scores were calculated. According to full-scale IQ (FIQ), they were divided into two groups: FIQ<90 (scores range from 70 to 89, the average score was 78.3±8.9, 6 cases) and FIQ≥90 (scores range from 90 to 126, the average score was 116.6±12.9, 8 cases). SPSS21.0 statistical software was used to compare the general clinical data and SWI of the two groups, and the correlation between clinical factors and the evaluation results of Wechsler Intelligence Scale was analyzed. The RS-fMRI images were preprocessed and the further data were analysed by two independent samplest-test under the whole brain of regional homogeneity (ReHo), amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional of ALFF (fALFF) methods. The differences of brain activation regions in RS-fMRI between the two groups were observed, and the results of general clinical data, SWI and cognitive function test were compared and analyzed comprehensively. Results The differences of SWI were statistically significant (P<0.05): FIQ<90 group were greater than FIQ≥90 group. The FIQ, VIQ and PIQ of two groups were negatively correlated with SWI (P<0.05). And the FIQ and PIQ were negatively correlated with the total number of seizures (P<0.05). Compared with FIQ≥90 group by two samplet-test based on whole level ReHo, ALFF, fALFF methods, deactivation of brain regions of FIQ<90 group include bilateral precuneus, posterior cingulate and occipital lobe, and enhanced activation of brain regions include left prefrontal cortex, bilateral superior frontal gyrus medial and right precentral gyrus, supplementary motor area, angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, bilateral insular lobe and subcortical gray matter structures. Conclusions Frequent epileptic discharges during slow wave sleep and recurrent clinical episodes were risk factors for cognitive impairment in BECT patients. Repeated clinical seizures and frequent subclinical discharges could cause dysfunction of local brain areas associated with cognition and the default network, resulting in patients with impaired cognitive function.
Objective To explore the nurses’ cognition of busyness in intensive care unit (ICU), summarize the main busy scenes, and provide strategies for solving problems of busyness. Methods Nurses in three ICU departments of Shanghai Oriental Hospital were selected by purpose sampling method from September 2020 to January 2021. Face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with nurses. The interview data were analyzed and thematically refined using the method of Colaizzi data analysis. Results A total of 10 nurses were interviewed, including 8 general nurses and 2 head nurses, all of whom were women. The cognition of busyness covered three elements: explosively increased workload, time pressure, and overwhelming information from multiple sources. Busy scenes included four themes: large amount of patients, critical conditions of patients, unstable conditions of patients, and frequent service transfer among different medical divisions. Conclusions According to the three elements of nurses’ cognition of busyness and scenes of it, nursing managers can put forward corresponding solutions. This can retain or attract more nurses to work in ICU and provide better services for patients.
As the aging of the population intensifies, the incidence of dementia continues to increase year by year. However, the general public's lack of awareness about dementia, combined with the complexity of the cognitive assessment process, often results in many dementia patients being diagnosed in the moderate to late stages of the disease, missing the crucial window for therapeutic intervention. This significantly affects the mental and physical health and quality of life of the elderly. With the continuous advancements in medical and information technology, the application of electronic tools in cognitive assessment is gradually increasing. This study summarizes the current application of electronic cognitive assessment tools to provide references for the development of electronic cognitive assessment tools suitable for the elderly in China.