Objective To discuss the effect and prognosis of the Da Vinci surgical system assisted surgical treatment for complex hepatolithiasis. Methods The clinical data of 15 patients with complex calculus of intraheoatic duct who accepted surgical therapy at General Hospital of the Second Artillery Corps of PLA from January 2009 to August 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. Results All operations of 15 patients were performed successfully, no case of converting to laparotomy， no injury of the important blood vessels and organs in surgical procedures. Postoperative complications occurred in 4 cases （26.7%）. Among them, there were 1 case （6.7%） of hemobilia, 1 case （6.7%） of lung infection, 2 cases （13.3%） of liver surface bleeding, and no case of death and liver failure occurred during the perioperative period. All patients （100%） had follow-up visited with a median time of 11 months （ranging from 3 months to 2 years）, 12 cases （80.0%） acquired good curative effect, 3 cases （20.0%） of residual stones were found, 1 case （6.7%） of recurrence stones were found. Conclusion There are enormous potential for Da Vinci surgical system assisted surgical treatment of complex hepatolithiasis, which can be used in elderly patients，and patients with multiple surgical history, poor liver function, acute cholangitis, and so on.