Objective To study the effect of local appl ication of different concentrations of nerve growth factor (NGF) on fracture heal ing, and to further search for the appropriate concentration gradient of NGF to promote fracture heal ing. Methods Seventy-five adult male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing (220.0 ± 2.5) g, were made the right tibia fracture model at 1 cm distal from the tibial tubercle and randomly divided into 5 groups (groups A, B, C, D, and E, n=15). Fractures were treated with 0.3 mL normal sal ine containing different concentration of NGF (0.006 48 × 10-2, 0.032 40 × 10-2, 0.162 00 ×10-2, and 0.810 00 × 10-2 μg/g) in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively, and the same amount of normal sal ine in group E. After2, 4, and 6 weeks, the specimens were harvested from 5 rats of each group to perform the biochemical test and histological observation. Before the rats were sacrificed, the arteriovenous blood was taken from the eye-ball to test the alkal ine phosphatase (ALP) activity. Results After 2, 4, and 6 weeks, the gross observation showed that the size and hardness of bone tissue and callus tissue growth gradually increased in groups A, B, C, and D, and group D was higher than groups A, B, C, and E. The X-ray films showed that the calcified area gradually increased in groups A, B, C, and D, and group D was higher than groups A, B, C, and E. The histological observation showed that the trabecular qual ity and maturity in group D were better than those in groups A, B, C, and E. Group D was significantly higher than groups A, B, C, and E (P lt; 0.05) in the gray values of callus tissue and the calcium content of callus tissue at 4 and 6 weeks, in the wet weight of callus tissue at 2 and 4 weeks, and in the ALP content of serum at 2 weeks. The trabecula surface index of osteoblast, the trabecular volume, and the trabecular width decreased as time in the order of groups A, B, C, and D, which were higher than those of group E; group D was the highest, showing significant differences when compared with the other groups (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion The local appl ication of NGF can promote fracture heal ing in rats. The high concentration gradient of NGF (0.810 00 × 10-2 μg/g) has an obvious promotion role on fracture heal ing.
Objective To study the distribution and concentration of meropenem in rabbit bile. Methods The rabbits were cannulated with a silicone tube in the common bile duct and the blank bile was collected. The rabbits were then administered intravenously with meropenem. Multiple bile samples (1.5 ml) were collected at different phases after the administrations. According to requirement of the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the specificity test was undertook. The blank bile was then mixed with meropenem and mobile phase, respectively, in order to obtain a series of bile samples at different concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 500 μg/ml. The samples were analyzed with HPLC and the chromatographic peak area of meropenem contents were quantitated through external reference method. The linear regression equation was used to analyzed the relationship between the drug concentrations and the chromatographic peak areas. The bile samples that were collected after drug administrations were pretreated and the chromatographic peak areas were assayed by the liquid chromatograph. The bile concentrations were then calculated according to the regression equation, and the concentration-time distribution of meropenem in the bile was obtained ultimately. Results The specificity test indicated the bile dopant peak and the meropenem chromatographic peak were well-separated under chromatographic condition of the mobile phase. The standard curve regression equation was S=2 209.10C-1 251.34, r=0.999 9, and minimum quantitation limit of meropenem was 0.5 μg/ml. After a single i.v. administration of 75 mg/kg of meropenem in each rabbit, drug concentrations reached (38.36±14.17) μg/ml immediately in bile， which significantly exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) for most gram negatives, which range from 0.031 to 2 μg/ml. The bile concentration of meropenem decreased quickly over time, and meropenem was eliminated completely in rabbit bile 3 hours after intravenous injection. Conclusion Meropenem could achieve adequate bile concentration for the treatment of biliary tract infection due to susceptible bacteria. However, because of its rapid biliary elimination, meropenem should be used in shorter interval time.
ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy of "Fuchuang Xunxi Formula" at different concentrations on patients after mixed hemorrhoidectomy. MethodsTwo hundred and ten patients having undergone mixed hemorrhoidectomy between October and November 2013 were randomized into seven groups, with 30 patients in each group. Group A was treated with 6% "Fuchuang Xunxi Formula"; Group B was treated with 6% "Zhiji Fumigation Formula"; Group C was treated with 4% "Fuchuang Xunxi Formula"; Group D was treated with 4% "Zhiji Fumigation Formula"; Group E was treated with 3% "Fuchuang Xunxi Formula"; Group F was treated with 3% "Zhiji Fumigation Formula"; And Group G was treated with branch water. Each group was fumigated at 45℃ for five minutes, then hip bath at 40℃ for five minutes with a course of 10 days. The curative effect of pain of wound, edema, effusion, urinary disturbance were observed. ResultsThe therapeutic effect in group C was the best (P<0.05), and the relief of postoperative complications (pain, edema, effusion) was better than the other groups (P<0.05). ConclusionTreatment with 4% "Fuchuang Xunxi Formula" for postoperative complications is the most effective.
ObjectiveTo compare the effect of cryoprotective vitrification agent with different concentrations on protecting human ovarian tissue. MethodsHuman ovarian biopsy tissues were obtained from nine patients between August 2013 and May 2014. The cortical tissue pieces obtained from each patient were cryopreserved using direct cover vitrification (DCV) with two different concentrations. The vitrification solutions were divided into two groups: high concentration [15% (V/V) dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)+15% (V/V) ethylene glycol (EG)+0.5 mol/L sucrose] and low concentration group (12% DMSO+12% EG+0.5 mol/L sucrose). The preservation effects in the two different concentration groups were compared by histologic evaluation using light microscope and apoptosis assessed by terminal dexoynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling staining. ResultsThere was no significant difference in the proportion of morphologically normal primordial follicles between high concentration group and low concentration group (P ＞ 0.05) . The proportion of apoptotic primordial follicles in the low concentration group was 29.7% (58/195) , and was 42.1% (69/164) in the high concentration group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05) . The proportion of apoptotic stromal cells in the low and high concentration group was 30.2% (162/537) and 41.9% (206/492) respectively with a significant difference (P ＜ 0.05) . ConclusionsVitrification solutions with lower concentration can improve the preservation of the primordial follicles and stromal cells in human ovarian tissue. It is a method worth trying in order to improve the protective effect of vitrification by decreasing the toxicity of vitrification solutions.
ObjectiveTo explore the influence of different concentrations of iodinated contrast agent on image quality of galactography. MethodsBetween June 2008 and October 2009, 50 non-pregnancy and non-lactation patients with mammary papilla discharge underwent breast galactography with digital mammography. All the patients' left breasts were in group L, and right breasts were in group R. The iohexol concentration of iopamidol injection was 370 mg/mL in group L and 300 mg/mL in group R. The image quality and the evaluation of average density of the two groups was analyzed and compared. ResultsThe image quality score of group L and R was 2.8±0.2 (P>0.05). The mean density of main duct of breast axial view in two groups was (4 020.25±96.26) and (3 984.75±117.67) HU, respectively; the mean density of the lateral oblique view was (4 067.13±24.69) and (3 971.25±167.32) HU, respectively; the mean density of the lateral view was (4 058.88±52.07) and (4 034.75±67.54) HU, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). ConclusionNo obvious difference between the two concentrations of non-ionic iodinated contrast agents (300 and 370 mg/mL) in galactography diagnosis is found.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the factors influencing plasma concentration of lamotrigine (LTG) in the treatment of epilepsy in children.Methods Databases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and CBM were electronically searched to collect clinical studies on the factors influencing plasma concentration of LTG in the treatment of epilepsy in children from database inception to December 2020. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. A systematic review was then performed to analyze the factors influencing plasma concentration of LTG in the treatment of epilepsy in children. ResultsA total of 21 studies were included. The results of systematic review suggested that dosage and some combination drugs (valproic acid, carbamazepine, phenytoin sodium, topiramate, ethosuximide, rufinamide, fluoxetine, clonazepam, clobazam and ethinylestradiol) were potential factors influencing LTG concentration. Four gene polymorphisms (UGT1A4 142T>G, UGT1A4 219C>T, UGT1A4 163G>A, and OCT1 M408V A>G), age, weight, sex, and combination drugs (phenobarbital and levetiracetam) might affect the plasma concentration of LTG in children. The effects of oxcarbazepine, 16 gene polymorphisms (UGT1A4 *3 T>G, UGT2B7 211G>T, UGT2B7 372A>G, UGT2B7 735A>G, UGT2B7 801T>A, UGT2B7 802C>T, UGT2B7 161C>T, SCN1A IVS591G>A, SCN2A c.56G>A, SCN2A c.59G>A, MDR1 1236 C>T, MDR1 2677 G>T/A, MDR1 3435 C>T, SLC22A1 1022C>T, ABCB1 3435 C>T and ABCB1 1236C>T), ketogenic diet, and ethnicity (Uygur/Han) on the plasma concentration of LTG in children were not found. Conclusion The plasma concentration of LTG in the treatment of epilepsy in children is affected by many factors, and more high-quality prospective studies should be carried out to further clarify the factors influencing the plasma concentration of LTG in children.