ObjectiveTo discuss the protection effect of controlled reperfusion with Xuebijing injection on ischemia-reperfusion injury of rabbit hind limb, and provide a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of limb ischemia reperfusion injury in clinical. MethodsThe big ear rabbit model of hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury (ischemia 2 h, reperfusion 4 h) was made. Thirty healthy big ear rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: Xuebijing perfusion group (n=10): Xuebijing injection was given before reperfusion; Saline control group (n=10): surgical procedure with Xuebijing perfusion group, saline infusion was given before reperfusion; sham operation group (n=10): surgical procedure with Xuebijing perfusion group, ischemia and reperfusion was not performed. The activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected. The ratio of blood flow (rBF) and ratio of blood volume (rBV) were tested. Results①Compared with the levels before operation, the activity of SOD and content of MDA had no significant differences after operation in the sham operation group (P > 0.05), the activity of SOD was obviously increased and the content of MDA was obviously decreased after reperfusion in the Xuebijing perfusion group (P < 0.01). Compared with the saline control group, the activity of SOD was obviously increased and the content of MDA was obviously decreased in the Xuebijing perfusion group.②Compared with the sham operation group, the rBF and rBV were obviously decreased in the Xuebijing perfusion group and the saline control group (P < 0.05); Compared with the saline control group, the rBF and rBV were obviously increased in the Xuebijing perfusion group (P < 0.05). ConclusionControlled reperfusion with Xuebijing injection could increase SOD activity in serum, reduce MDA content, it has a protective effect on hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits, and could effectively improve perfusion of hind limb.