Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the main type of heart failure (HF), accounting for more than half of the incidence of HF. However, the etiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis of HFpEF are still not fully understood. Recommendations for HFpEF are in different chapters in the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure. This paper interpreted the definition, stage, diagnosis, epidemiology, clinical evaluation, stage treatment, acute attack stage, comorbidity management, vulnerable population and research prospect of HFpEF, which aimed to provide the latest thinking in terms of the management of HFpEF for clinicians.
ObjectiveIn order to summarize the best evidence, evaluate the efficacy and safety of interventions for the treatment of COVID-19, and provide practical guidance for medical workers, public health workers, and COVID-19 patients, we formulated the evidence-based practice points. MethodsWe followed the "Evidence-based practice points: methods and processes of development", with comprehensively considering the pros and cons of evidence, quality of evidence, public and patient preferences and values, cost of interventions, acceptability, and feasibility based on systematic reviews. Practice points Finally, 12 practice points were formed for non-severe, severe and critical COVID-19 patients. Non-severe: ① Consider Hanshiyi formula or Gegenqinlian pills for patients with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea; ② Consider Huashibaidu granules (decoration), Jinyinhua oral liquid, Jinhuaqinggan granules, Xuanfeibaidu granules (decoration), Lianhuaqingwen capsules (granules), or Reyanning mixture for patients with sore throat, fever, muscle aches or cough; ③ Consider Qingfeipaidu granules (decoration) for patients with nasal congestion, runny nose, cough, low-grade fever, aversion to wind and cold, and fatigue; ④ Consider Toujiequwen granules for patients with fever, chills, itchy throat, cough, dry mouth and throat, and constipation; ⑤ Consider Reduning injection or Xiyanping injection for patients with high fever, mild aversion to wind and cold, headache and body pain, cough, and yellow phlegm; ⑥ Consider molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir–ritonavir (Paxlovid), remdesivir or VV116 for patients within 5 to 7 days of the onset of symptoms and at high risk for progressing to severe disease. Severe: ① Consider Shenhuang granules or Xuebijing injection for patients with high fever, irritability, and thirst; ② Consider remdesivir used as soon as possible for patients with severe symptoms. Critical severe: Consider corticosteroids, IL-6 receptor inhibitors, and baricitinib for patients 7 days after the onset of symptoms.