Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of fructose 1,6-diphosphate （FDP） in the treatment of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy （HIE）patients. Methods Biomedical databases, including MEDLINE （1977 -2004 ）, EMBASE（1989- 2004） ,Cochrane Injuries Group trials register, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, CBMdisk and CNKI （1994- 2005 ）were searched. Chnical trials were collecte＆Quality assessments of chnical trials were carried out. Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） with mortality and the incidence of cerebral palsy, epilepsy and mental defect were selected for meta-analysis. Results Nine RCTs were included, and all were done in China. None of the 9 RCTs described the method of randomization or allocation concealment. None of the 9 RCTs mentioned wether blindness was use＆ In Jadad score, 5 trials were scored by 2 and 4 trials were 1. Seven trials were included in the meta-analysis of death, which showed that the obsolute risk （OR） [95% confidence interval （CI）] of death following FDP administration was 0. 50 （95% CI 0. 21 to 1.16）. Five RCTs reported the results of follow-up. When intention to treat （ITT） analysis was adopted, the OR of FDP on cerebral palsy was 0. 36 （95% CI 0. 19 to 0. 89）, on epilepsy was 0.74 （95% CI 0. 29 to 1.88）, and on dementia was 0. 21 （95% CI 0. 06 to 0.70）. We didn＇t conduct sensitivity analysis because no RCTs were of high quality. We didn＇t identify clinical trials compared with adverse reactions between the two groups. Conclusions The quality of RCTs on FDP for HIE is poor. Because there were no RCTs of high quality available, we can＇t draw a conlusion. Well-designed RCTs with economic evaluation are urgently needed to evaluate the value of FDP in the treatment of HIE.