ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive vitreous surgery (MIVS) for special rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in children and adolescents.MethodsA retrospective clinical comparative study. Fourteen eyes with special type of RRD in 14 children and adolescents who received the MIVS treatment from January 2014 to January 2019 in Ophthalmology Department of The First Affiliated Hospital Ophthalmology of Air Force Military Medical University, were included in this study. Among them, 8 eyes from 8 males and 6 eyes from 6 females. The age of them ranged from 5 to 17, with the mean age of 12.64±4.11 years. The course of disease was ranged from 1 d to 1 year, and the average of it was 30 d. All the eyes developed the special type RRD, including pseudophakic and aphakic retinal detachment, giant retinal tear with retinal detachment, choroidal detachment associated with retinal detachment, and RRD with ocular dysplasia. In the 14 eyes, there was 2 eyes with retinal detachment in 1 quadrant, 4 eyes in 2 quadrants, 1 eye in 3 quadrants and 7 eyes in total 4 quadrants. All the eyes were treated with 23G or 25G MIVS and filled with irrigation solution, air and silicone oil. In addition, 10.4 months' follow-up for average after surgery were taken to observe the occurrence of retinal reattachment, BCVA and related complications in the eyes.ResultsIn the 14 eyes, 13 (92.9%) of them attained retinal reattachment and 1 eye (7.1%) got a poor retinal reattachment after one operation. At the last follow-up, all the 14 eyes (100.0%) attained retinal reattachment and 5 of them at the filling state of silicone oil. The vision of 8 eyes (57.1%) were improved, 4 eyes (28.6%) have no notable changes and 2 eyes decreased (14.3%). During the operation, iatrogenic retinal breaks were occurred in 1 eye, and silicone oil entered underneath the retina in 1 eye. After the operation, 1 eye suffered a relapse of retinal detachment after the removal of silicone oil and then were filled with it again.ConclusionsMIVS is a safe and effective way to treat the special type RRD among the children and adolescents. The rate of retinal reattachment is 92.9% after one surgery and 100.0% at the last follow-up. Therefore, MIVS can help most of eyes with special type RRD to get a stable and improved vision.
Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL), a group of secreted glycoproteins, is widely expressed in vivo and is involved in many pathophysiological processes such as glycolipid metabolism, stem cell growth, local inflammation, vascular leakage and angiogenesis. Many kinds of ANGPTL are closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy (DR), especially ANGPTL4, which has gradually become a new hotspot in the field of DR Research. ANGPTL is involved in glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism, promotes increased vascular permeability, pathological angiogenesis, and participates in intraocular inflammation. ANGPTL is a promising molecular target. It can not only be used as a biomarker to predict the occurrence and progression of DR, but also provide new ideas for the treatment of DR by making antibody drugs to interfere with this molecule.
Objective To observe the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the morphology, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and immune response function of mouse retinal photoreceptor cells (661w cells). MethodsA cell experiment. Logarithmic growth phase 661w cells were cultured in vitro and transfected with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) overexpressing lentivirus to construct ACE2 overexpressing 661w cells that could be infected with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (hereafter referred to as ‘pseudovirus’). The 661w cells were divided into three groups: the normal group (untreated), the siACE2 group (overexpressing ACE2 and not infected with the pseudovirus) and the infected group (overexpressing ACE2 and infected with the pseudovirus), in which the infected group was 5 TU/ml pseudovirus group, 15 TU/ml pseudovirus group, 30 TU/ml pseudovirus group and 50 TU/ml pseudovirus group, and the cells were infected with the pseudovirus for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The infected group was infected with 5 TU/ml pseudovirus group, 15 TU/ml pseudovirus group, 30 TU/ml pseudovirus group and 50 TU/ml pseudovirus group, respectively, for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the transfection efficiency of ACE2; protein immunoblotting (Western blot) was used to detect the relative expression level of ACE2 in the cells; light microscope was used to observe the morphology of the cells in the normal and the infected groups; cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay; flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle; Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to detect the relative expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), B lymphocytoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X-protein (Bax) proteins and mRNA in the cells of siACE2 group, infected group (30 TU/ml pseudovirus group); qPCR was used to detect the relative expression of nuclear factor (NF)- κB1 and NF-κB2, as well as NF- kB enhancer (P65) and precursor protein (P100) in cells of the siACE2 group and the infected group (30 TU/ml pseudovirus group). One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between multiple groups; t-test was used for comparison between two groups. Results Compared with the siACE2 group, the cells in the infected group showed different degrees of crumpling, and with the increase of the concentration and time of pseudovirus induction, the crumpling of the cells worsened, and the number of cells decreased. Compared with the normal group, the cells in the infected group showed a gradual decrease in cell viability with the prolongation of pseudovirus induction time, and the difference was no statistically significant (F=0.840, 0.412, 1.498, 1.138; P＞0.05), and the apoptotic index of the cells induced in the 30 and 50 TU/ml pseudovirus group was significantly elevated, and the difference was statistically significant (F=2.523, 6.716, 3.477, 3.421; P＜0.05). At 72 h of pseudovirus induction, compared with the siACE2 group, the G1 phase cells in the 30 TU/ml pseudovirus group were significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.812, P＜0.05); the relative expression of IL-6, TNF-α, Bax protein and mRNA in the cells was up-regulated (t=7.601, 6.039, 3.088, 5.193, 6.427, 7.667; P＜0.05), the relative expression of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA was down-regulated (t=3.614, 6.777; P＜0.05), and the relative expression of NF-κB1, NF-κB2, P65, and P100 mRNA was significantly up-regulated with statistically significant differences (t=3.550, 3.074, 3.307, 4.218; P＜0.05). ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 infection may inhibit photoreceptor cell proliferation, promote apoptosis and cycle blockade by activating the NF-κB signalling pathway.