ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of sever early childhood caries (SECC) among 3 to 5 years old children of Uyghur and Han in Kashi city, and to provide scientific basis for the establishment of oral hygiene policies for caries prevention and diagnostic among children. MethodsAccording to the basic methods of Third National Oral Health Investigation in 2005, a stratified multistage cluster randomly sampling design was applied. The deciduous caries of 893 Uyghur and Han children aged from three to five in ten kindergartens of Kashi city were clinically examined. Data were collected by questionnaire from their parents, and the result analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software. ResultsThe caries prevalence rate of primary tooth was 74.69% and the total prevalence of SECC was 39.19%. The risk factors for SECC include lower age (OR=1.537, 95% CI 1.132 to 2.086, P=0.006), the more frequencies of drinking coke (OR=1.448, 95% CI 1.008 to 2.080, P=0.045), eating fruits (OR=1.840, 95% CI 1.347 to 2.512, P=0.000), drinking milk (OR=1.794, 95% CI 1.311 to 2.456, P=0.000), and before bedtime eating or after brush eating (OR=1.833, 95% CI 1.199 to 2.802, P=0.005), as well as the higher age of starting brush (OR=2.053, 95% CI 1.448 to 2.910, P=0.000). The protective factors for SECC include the more frequency of brushing (OR=0.612, 95% CI 0.445 to 0.844, P=0.003), and higher household income (OR=0.526, 95% CI 0.423 to 0.654, P=0.000). ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of SECC in Kashi city. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and education activities, and perform early preventive works for caries disease of children.
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and factors and detection ways of leprosy in Zhushan county in Hubei province, so as to provide scientific basis for developing measures to treat and prevent leprosy after basic elimination. MethodsWe summarized the detection rate, incidence and prevalence of leprosy in Zhushan county in Hubei province during 1955-2012; compared the stage when detecting leprosy, deformity/disability rates and costs according to different detection ways; and conducted descriptive epidemiological analysis. ResultsLeprosy outbreak distribution in Zhushan county in Hubei province covered 17 villages/towns, of which patients were the most in 4 southeast villages/towns. Among 123 cases of patients with leprosy, the youngest aged 4, the oldest aged 74, and the patients aged 20-39 were the most (42.28%); the sex ratio were 1.73 to 1 (male to female); most patients were peasants (83.74%); the main infection sources were family members and neighbours (45.53%, respectively); economic level, health and living condition were the main factors relevant to the prevalence of leprosy; and applying tests in people with foci contact history detected the most patients with leprosy on early stage, which caused the lowest deformity/disability rates. ConclusionWe should consistently strengthen the training of medical personnel; improve medical personnel ability of detecting leprosy; take tests for people with foci contact history and tracking as active detection ways; monitoring patients' family members as well as close contacts during 10-year latent period; and conduct timely tracking, so as to in time detect, isolate, and treat patients with leprosy, reduce the incidence of deformity/disability, and control the transition of leprosy.