Objective To explore the incidence, age distribution and change tendency of female breast cancer in urban Shenyang from 2000 to 2009. Methods The incidence data of female breast cancer recorded in Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2000 to 2009 were collected, and the incidence and standardized incidence of breast cancer were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 software. The incidence trend was analyzed by means of χ2 trend test and linear regression. Results The annual average crude incidence rate of female breast cancer in urban Shenyang from 2000 to 2009 was 46.03/100 000, while the annual average standardized incidence rate was 35.63/100 000, increased by 160.41% and 109.39% respectively during past 10 years, and the annual average increase was 11.22% and 8.56%, respectively. Both crude incidence rate and standardized incidence rate were in increasing trends with statistical significance (Plt;0.001). The crude incidence rate of the female at age of 50-64 showed a perpendicular rise trend, increased by 271.97%, and the annual average increase was 15.72%. The χ2 trend test and linear regression showed a significant difference (χ2=276.743, P=0.000; y= –22 355.560+11.205x, P=0.000). Conclusion The incidence of female breast cancer in urban Shenyang tends to rise with a younger-aged trend, and the female at age of 50-64 are commonly affected.
Objective To survey and analyze the epidemiological and distribution situation of echinococcosis for human and livestock in Aba Prefecture of Sichuan Province. Methods According to the Standard WS257-2006 of Diagnose Hydatidosis which was published by the WHO, the residents from 141 countrysides of 13 counties where echinococcosis prevailed were examined by B-ultrasound. Sera anti-echinococcosis IgG of children under 12 years old and dejecta-antigen of dogs were examined by ELISA. Visceral of yaks and sheep were examined in slaughter places to make sure their infection. Results Human surveillance: 48 288 people were examined by B-ultrasound, 470 of which were patients. The positive rate was 0.97%; 19 people was Alveolar Echinococcus, and 451 people was Cystic Echinococcus. Sera of 5 372 children was examined, 358 of which were positive. The positive rate was 6.67%. Livestock surveillance: 5814 dejecta-antigens of dogs were examined, 989 of which were positive. The positive rate was 17.01%. 3 336 yaks and sheep were examined, 113 of which were positive. The rate was 3.39% (113/3 336). Conclusion Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcus exist and prevail among humans and cattles in Aba Prefecture of Sichuan Province, with a larger proportion of Cystic Echinococcus.
Objective To investigate the morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors in Chengdu, and get to know their epidemiological characteristics and trends, so as to provide evidence for the policy-making of tumor prevention and control. Methods The ICD-10 coding method was used to analyze the morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors in different ages, genders, areas and types, based on the surveillance data in Chengdu collected from 1990 to 2010. Results The reporting morbidity rose from 32.29/100 000 in 1990 to 171.63/100 000 in 2010, while the reporting mortality rose from 87.03/100 000 in 1990 to 177.51/100 000 in 2010. Liver cancer was seen with the highest morbidity and mortality rate in Chengdu in 2010. The mortality of cancer was higher in male than in female (233.49/100 000 vs. 121.12/100 000). No significant differences were observed between city and rural areas (177.84/100 000 vs. 176.95/100 000). Conclusion The morbidity and mortality rates of tumor are rising year by year, and tumor has become the main disease threatening people’s health. It is suggested that earlier prevention and control measures should be implemented as soon as possible.
Objective To analyze the measles epidemic characteristic, so as to provide scientific evidence for the strategy of controlling and eliminating measles. Methods The data of measles cases was collected from the national epidemiological investigation and surveillance report system, and the measles epidemiological characteristic as well as the efficacy of measles control strategy were analyzed through descriptive studies. Results The total number of the reported measles cases reached 309 in 2009, the incidence rate was 5.1 per 100 000 population and declined by 71.26% compared with the year of 2008. Seasonal peak in 2009 appeared from January to April. The infants less than eight months old as well as the patients more than 15 years old were the main suffering population, which accounted for 33.98% (105/309) and 49.51% (153/309) of the total, respectively. The patients having no or having unclear measles vaccination history accounted for 93.2% (288/309). The cases of floating population accounted for 9.71% (30/309). Conclusion It has been demonstrated that vaccine immunization activities are important measures to eliminate measles. To achieve the goal of measles elimination, not only does the children routine immunization have to be performed, but also the strengthened immunization has to be carried out for the key crowd in key areas.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the reasonableness of anticoagulation management strategy in patients after mechanical heart valve replacement. MethodsAll patients were followed and registered continually at outpatient clinic from July 2011 to February 2013, with a minimum of 6 months after surgery. Targeted international normalized rate (INR) 1.60 to 2.20 and warfarin weekly dosage adjustment were used as the strategy of anticoagulation management. Except bleeding, thrombogenesis and thromboembolism, time in therapeutic range (TTR) and fraction of TTR (FTTR) were adopted to evaluate the quality of anticoagulation management. ResultsA total 1 442 patients and 6 461 INR values were included for data analysis. The patients had a mean age of 48.2±10.6 years (14-80 years) and the following up time were 6 to 180 months (39.2±37.4 months) after surgery. Of these patients, 1 043 (72.3%) was female and 399 (27.7%) was male. INR values varied from 0.90-8.39 (1.85±0.49) and required weekly doses of warfarin were 2.50-61.25 (20.89±6.93 mg). TTR of target INR and acceptable INR were 51.1% (156 640.5 days/306 415.0 days), 64.9% (198 856.0 days/306 415.0 days), respectively. FTTR of target INR and acceptable INR were 49.4% (3 193 times/6 461 times), 62.6% (4 047 times/6 461 times). There were 8 major bleeding events, 7 mild bleeding events, 2 thromboembolism events, and 2 thrombogenesis in the left atrium. ConclusionIt is reasonable to use target INR 1.60-2.20 and warfarin weekly dosage adjustment for patients after mechanical heart valve replacement.
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and related risk factors in two districts and five counties in Jiaxing city of Zhejiang province. MethodsWe randomly selected people over the age of 40 in 10 communities of two districts and five counties in Jiaxing city by cluster sampling and random sampling to investigate the prevalence of COPD from January 2013 to December 2013. All included patients received pulmonary function test at the same time. ResultsA total of 1 256 cases of adults over the age of 40 were included, among which, 1 056 cases with complete data and qualified for pulmonary function test. There were 410 males with mean age of 58.74±11.62, and 646 females with mean age of 59.45±11.72. The overall prevalence of COPD was 13.60%. Male and female prevalence rates were 13.90% and 13.41%, respectively. Divided by age, the prevalence of the age of 40 to 50 was 3.38%, the age of 51 to 60 was 9.57%, the age of 61 to 70 was 19.15%, and the age of above 70 was 29.35%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factors of COPD were smoking, passive smoking, history of dust exposure, chronic respiratory disease history and age. ConclusionThe total prevalence of COPD in Jiaxing area is high, and the female prevalence rate is especially higher than the national average level, which is the epidemiological characteristic of this area. Because the risk factors of COPD are complex, an integrated control strategy should be adopted.