Objective To investigate the value of continuous blood purification （CBP）in early treatment of patients with ARDSexp （ARDS caused by extrapulmonary causes），especially in reducing inflammation mediators and extravascular lung water （EVLW）.Methods According the hospital admission sequence，the patients with APACHEⅡ scores from 15 to 20 and PaO2/FiO2 from 100 to 200 were recruited.The ARDSexp patients were divide into an intervention group treated with CBP （Mode：CVVHDF，rate of displacement liquid and dialysate：1.5 L/h，rate of blood：100-200 mL/h，and the time of CBP：72 hours），and a control group without CBP treatment. The NICO and PICCO monitoring data and the survival rates were recorded and analyzed using the SPSS software. Results The mortality rate of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group （6.3% vs. 36.8%，P=0.032）. In the 72 h monitoring dada of NICO and PICCO，the time of improving PCBF，Pm，Cdyn，VCO2，MValv，Pm，PIP，Raw，RSBI，Vd/Vt，and PaO2/FiO2 of the intervention group was severer than those in the control group，and the severety was also more than that of control group which was was significantly different at 72 h（Plt;0.05）. In the PICCO data，the time of decreasing EVWL and PVPI was shorter than the control group，and the decreasing extent was more than the control group，with significant difference at 72 h. But the changes of Apm，CI，and CVP were not significant （Pgt;0.05）. Conclusions In treatment of ARDSexp patients，CBP therapy can induce the PCBC and EVLW，improve pulmonary compliance and MValv，and reduce the mortality rate，while doesn’t influence heart function and the stability of circulation.
Objective To investigate the value of extravascular lung water index ( EVLWI) and intrathoracic blood volume index ( ITBVI) monitoring in fluid management of severe pneumonia patients with sepsis shock.Methods A prospective controlled study was conducted in106 patients who were diagnosed as severe pneumonia with sepsis shock in intensive care unit fromJanuary 2010 to February 2013. 54 patients who received pulse indicator continuous output ( PiCCO) monitoring were enrolled into the EVLWI + ITBVI group, and EVLWI and ITBVI were used as indicator of fluid management. 52 patients who received central venous pressure ( CVP) as indicator of traditional fluid managementwere enrolled into the control group. The time and the rate to achieve early goal-directed therapy ( EGDT) target were compared between two groups. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ ( APACHE Ⅱ ) , sepsis related organ failure assessment ( SOFA) , noradrenaline dosage, serumlactic acid, serum creatinine were compared between 1 day and 3 days after treatment. The characteristics of fluid management were recorded and compared within 72 hours. Mechanical ventilation ratio, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and 28-day mortality were compared between two groups. Results The ratio of achieving EGDT target in 6 hours was significantly higher in the EVLWI + ITBVI group than that in the control group ( 75.9% vs. 55.7% , Plt;0.05) , whereas the time and the ratio to achieve EGDT target in 24 hours were not statistically different. APACHE Ⅱ, SOFA, norepinephrine dosage, serum lactate were significantly decreased 3 days after treatment in the EVLWI + ITBVI group, but did not change significantly in the control group. On3 days after treatment, serumcreatinine was increased in the control group, and did not change significantly in the EVLWI + ITBVI group. The fluid intake and fluid balance volume during 0-6 hours period were significantly higher in the EVLWI + ITBVI group than those in the control group ( Plt;0.05) , but showed no difference ( Pgt;0.05) in other periods. Mechanical ventilation ratio, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and 28-days mortality were significantly lower in the EVLWI + ITBVI group compared with the control group ( Plt;0.05) . Conclusion Compared with CVP, ITBVI and EVLWI can more accurately assess and guide fluid management in severe pneumonia patients with septic shock with less duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and mortality.
ObjectiveTo observe the level of extravascular lung water index (ELWI) in serious septic patients with ARDS,and the effects of ulinastatin (UTI) on ELWI. MethodsA perspective control study was performed on 48 severe septic patients with ARDS from the emergency department and ICU in Shanghai Changzhen Hospital from January 2010 to December 2012. Pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PICCO) technique was utilized for measuring ELWI. Meanwhile the oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) was detected. The patients were randomized as an UTI group (n=30) and a control group (n=18). Both groups received routine comprehensive treatments,and the UTI group additionally received 30 000 units/kg UTI intravenous drip 4 times a day for continuous 3 days. The PaO2/FiO2,ELWI,Murray lung injury score,APACHEⅡ score,SOFA score and 28-day mortality were determined. ResultsThe APACHE Ⅱ score,Murray and SOFA score had no statistical difference between the UTI group and the control group before treatment (P>0.05),and decreased significantly after 4 and 7 days of treatment in both groups compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). There were varying degrees of PaO2/FiO2 decrease and ELWI increase before treatment in both groups with no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). After treatment,the PaO2/FiO2 increased and ELWI decreased in both groups,and the UTI group had better PaO2/FiO2 and ELWI than the control group (P<0.05). The difference in 28-day mortality between the UTI group and the control group was statistically significant (10.0% vs. 33.3%,P<0.05). ConclusionsSevere septic patients with ARDS are all complicated with ELWI increase. Routine therapy combined with UTI can decrease ELWI,improve clinical symptoms,and decrease 28-day mortality.
ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of misplaced subclavian vein (SCV) catheter into the ipsilateral internal jugular vein (IJV) on transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) measurements and explore the possible mechanisms preliminarily.MethodsIn this prospective study, 408 patients in whom an SCV catheterization was indicated for TPTD monitoring were enrolled. A first set of TPTD measurements was collected at baseline in all patients (group 1, SCV catheters were correctly placed; group 2, SCV catheters were misplaced into the ipsilateral IJV). The parameters included mean transit time (MTt), downslope time (DSt), cardiac index (CI), global end-diastolic volume index (GEDVI) and extra-vascular lung water index (EVLWI). A second set of TPTD measurements was performed only in those with catheter misplacement immediately after the misplaced SCV catheters being corrected (Group 3). The differences in MTt, DSt, GEDVI and EVLWI between group 2 and 3 were recorded as ΔMTt, ΔDSt, ΔGEDVI and ΔEVLWI, respectively.ResultsGEDVI and EVLWI were significantly higher (all P<0.001) in group 2 than those in group 1, while CI was not significantly different (P>0.05) between these two groups. Multivariate logistic regression identified PaO2/FiO2 [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.492/10 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.180 - 1.884; P<0.001], GEDVI (OR=1.307/10 mL/m2, 95% CI 1.131 - 1.511; P<0.001) and EVLWI (OR=3.05; 95%CI 1.593 - 5.840; P<0.001) as the 3 independent factors associated with the misplacement of SCV catheter into the ipsilateral IJV. In group 2, GEDVI [(1041±122)mL/m2 vs. (790±102)mL/m2, P<0.001], EVLWI [(20.3±4.0)mL/kg vs. (10.3±2.3)mL/kg, P<0.001], CI [(3.6±1.2)L·min–1·m–2 vs. (2.9±1.0)L·min–1·m–2, P<0.001], MTt [(38.2±13.3)s vs. (30.8±9.4)s, P<0.001] and DSt [(18.9±7.2)s vs. (13.2±4.9)s, P<0.001)] were significantly higher than those in Group 3. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that ΔEVLWI (R2=0.86, P<0.001) was negatively correlated with ΔMTt (coefficient±SE, –0.52±0.12; P<0.001) and positively correlated with ΔDSt (coefficient±SE, 1.45±0.17; P<0.001).ConclusionsDuring TPTD measurements, indicator injection through an SCV catheter misplaced into the ipsilateral IJV results in an overestimation of CI, GEDVI and EVLWI. The increase in DSt might be a key factor in explaining the overestimation of EVLWI in patients with misplaced SCV catheters. Given that the accurate measurements of GEDVI and EVLWI are of utmost importance for guiding resuscitation and decision-making regarding fluids administration, immediate repositioning is required if a misplacement is suspected and confirmed by the chest X-ray.