Evidence-based medicine (EBM) emphasizes the combination of the physician's experience, the best research evidence and patient's values to ensure the best prevention and treatment effect. Evidence is the core of the EBM, and quantitative systematic review can synthesize interventional studies; however, it can't provide synthetic evidence for patients' demands, opinions and attitudes and so on. Qualitative systematic review can offset these limitations. With the development of methodology of qualitative research and systematic review of qualitative studies, the number of qualitative studies increased year by year and they provided more and more evidence for decision making in public health, social work, management and education. The international research institutions including the Cochrane Collaboration, the Campbell Collaboration and the 3ie have mature methods for qualitative systematic review; however, few studies introduced how to write it in China. Therefore, this paper briefly introduces how to write the qualitative systematic review.
A well-conducted evidence-based guideline not only considers the efficiency and the cost of the recommended intervention, but also the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention during implementation. Systematic reviews of qualitative research aim to provide qualitative evidence such as the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention. In developing evidence-based guidelines, qualitative evidence helps to:(1) Define the scope of guideline; (2) Assess the acceptability of interventions; (3) Assess the feasibility of interventions; (4) Identify considerations when implementing guidelines. Systematic reviews provide the fundamental evidence required to develop robust and trustworthy guidelines. The CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach aims to grade the evidence from systematic reviews of qualitative research. After critically and scientifically appraising by CERQual, the acceptance and feasibility of an intervention are given different grading, which is the critical process of developing evidence-based guidelines. This paper will demonstrate the value of systematic reviews of qualitative research in developing evidence-based guidelines and how to implement recommendations from qualitative evidence.