ObjectiveTo investigate the value of carbon nanoparticle adopted in reoperation for thyroid cancer recurrence. MethodsFrom July to November of 2015, patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer recurrence in department of Thyroid & Parathyroid surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University were enrolled in the research. All enrollment patients underwent carbon nanoparticles location guided by ultrasonography before reoperation. Relative data about surgery and location were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsTwenty-two patients were enrolled in the research. Mean operation time was (60.45±12.91) minutes. During surgery, a total of 405 (average 18.4) lymph nodes were harvested, and the staining rate was 71.9% (291/405). The pathological examination showed that there was a significant difference in the positive rate between carbon nanoparticles stained lymph nodes (45.0%, 131/291) and non-stained lymph nodes (5.3%, 6/114), P < 0.001. In addition, the positive rate in non-targeted stained lymph nodes was 30.2% (62/205). By contrast, it was 5.3% (6/114) in non-targeted non-stained lymph nodes. The difference showed significant significance (P < 0.001). ConclusionsAdoption of carbon nanoparticles in reoperation for thyroid cancer, which improves efficiency of dissection for the non-palpable lymph nodes metastasis, is worth generalizing in clinical practice.
Objective To report our experience in using The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology(TBSRTC), and to investigate the diagnostic value of the system based on the cytologic-histologic result. Methods Pathological data of 2 257 thyroid nodules classified by TBSRTC which were obtained from the Department of Pathology of West China Hospital between Jan.2010 to Dec.2012 were collected and analyzed, to investigate the diagnostic evaluation indicators, such as the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the system based on the cytologic-histologic result. Results Of the 2 257 thyroid nodules, 442 (19.6%) were diagnosed as categoryⅠ, 1 184(52.4%) were diagnosed as categoryⅡ, 216(9.6%) were diagnosed as categoryⅢ, 38(1.7%) were diagnosed as categoryⅣ, 172(7.6%) were diagnosed as categoryⅤ, 205(9.1%) were diagnosed as categoryⅥ. Using TBSRTC categoryⅡas the boundary point of diagnosing benign and malignant diseases, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 93.7%(236/252), 86.6%(323/373), and 89.4%(559/625)respectively, while categoryⅢwas excluded from analysis. When including categoryⅢinto analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 94.3%(267/283), 74.9%(323/431), and 82.6%(590/714)respectively. Conclusion The validity of TBSRTC was high at our institution. TBSRTC has proven to be an accurate and reliable approach for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of cervical vascular color Doppler ultrasound for dignosis of nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve before thyroid surgery. MethodsThere were 1931 cases of thyroid patients treated between January 2010 to Jule 2014, group these patients according to the results of preoperative chest radiograph examination, the chest radiograph shows abnormal vessels image were group A (45 cases), no abnormalities were group B (1886 cases). Before operaton, made patients of group A to have routine carotid duplex ultrasound to identify whether the right subclavian artery abnormalities. All patients were exposed to conventional methods of recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery. ResultsThe 45 patients of group A, chest angiography showed 17 cases with right subclavian artery abnormalities, they were confirmed that all the 17 patients were nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve by surgery, no damage cases. The other 28 cases showed a normal right subclavian artery and no cases of nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve. The 1886 patients in group B, surgical exploration found four cases with nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve, injury in 1 case. The 21 patients whose nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve were on the right side, there were no left side with nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve and no co-exist cases of nonrecurrent and recurrent laryngeal nerve. The average exposure time of nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve in patients of group A (17 cases) was significantly shorter than that group B[(4.28±1.08) min vs. (15.50±2.08) min, t=-15.978, P=0.000]. ConclusionsThe cervical vascular color Doppler ultrasound examination before thyroid surgery can be adjuvant used, if there is the right subclavian artery abnormalities, it showes that there is the right side nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve. So as to effectively prevent the damage of nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery.
ObjectiveTo investigate diagnosis, gene detection, and treatment principle of medullary thyroid carcinoma.Method The relevant literatures and guidelines about diagnosis and treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma were summarized and analyzed retrospectively. Resultsmedullary thyroid carcinoma was given priority to surgical treatment. hereditary medullary cancer could be prophylactic thyroidectomy by the RET gene test results. advanced progressive medullary thyroid carcinoma, could be treated by palliative surgery, external radiotherapy, or systemic treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor. ConclusionsPrognosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma is worse, and occurrence of early metastasis is easy. so the first operation should be thoroughgoing. and the operation timing of prophylactic total thyroidectomy for hereditary medullary cancer could be determined by the results of RET gene detection to achieving early cure.
ObjectiveTo evaluate whether strategic parathyroid autotransplantation can decrease the incidence of hypoparathyroidism after central lymph node re-dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. MethodsData were retrospectively collected from the patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, who had undergone unilateral or bilateral central lymph node re-dissection in the Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2009 and October 2015. The patients were divided into transplantation group and non-transplantation group according to the history of strategic parathyroid autotransplantation in the primary surgery. Data concerning patient demographics (age, sex, comorbidities, the leval of Ca2+ and parathyroid hormone, previous surgical manners and complications before reoperation), surgical manners of reoperation, and postoperative factors (laboratory examination and postoperative complications) were collected. ResultsA total of 74 patients, 35 in the transplantation group and 39 in the non-transplantation group, were included in the study. Significantly higher levels of Ca2+ and parathyroid hormone were observed in the transplantation group than in the non-transplantation group on one day after surgery (P < 0.05). Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury newly occurred in 2 patients in the transplantation group and 5 patients in the non-transplantation group, respectively (5.7% vs. 12.8%, P > 0.05). Transient hypoparathyroidism was documented in 4 patients in the transplantation group and in 12 patients in the non-transplantation group. Permanent hypoparathyroidism was documented in 1 patient in the transplantation group and in 4 patients in the non-transplantation group. The incidence of hypoparathyroidism was significantly lower in the transplantation group compared with the non-transplantation group (5 vs. 16, P < 0.05). The mean number of central lymph node identified pathologically was significantly more in the transplantation group (2.1±1.3 vs. 1.4±0.7, P < 0.05). ConclusionStrategic parathyroid autotransplantation can effectively decrease the incidence of hyperparathyroidism after central lymph node re-dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, which greatly improves the surgical safety and thoroughness.
ObjectiveTo analysis the clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). MethodsA retrospective study was made in consecutive patients with PHPT who performed operation and had integral data between January 2004 to December 2012 in West China Hospital. ResultsThe 136 cases were composed of 52 cases (38.23%) bone types, 17 cases (12.50%) nephrocalcinosis, 7 cases (5.15%) skeletal and renal involvements, 24 cases (17.65%) asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism, and 36 cases (26.47%) combined with other clinical symptoms. The preoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were (106.20±88.88) pmol/L (6.91-390 pmol/L) and serum calcium were (3.12±0.66) mmol/L (2.15-5.77 mmol/L). The coincidence rate between the examinations preoperation and pathology:B type ultrasound was 75.00%, 99Tcm-MIBI scan was 85.29%, ultrasound and 99Tcm-MIBI combined with computerized tomography (CT) scan was 86.76%. Pathology presentation:129 patients (94.85%) were benign lesions, 7 cases (5.15%) were parathyroid carcinoma. Of the 129 patients, 114 cases (95.80%) were single parathyroid adenoma, 5 cases (4.20%) were multiple parathyroid adenoma or combined parathyroid hyperplasia, 10 cases (7.75%) were parathyroid hyperplasia. Of the patients, the PTH level decreased to below normal upper limit within 3 days after surgery in 124 cases (91.18%). One hundred and twenty-four cases (91.18%) were followed-up. The follow-up time was 6-112 months, a median follow-up time was 49 months. Twelve patients (8.82%) were lost to follow-up, 2 patients (1.47%) with carcinoma recurrence, the rest patients without recurrence and metastasis. Three patients (2.20%) with parathyroid carcinoma died. Of the 3 patients, 2 died of systemic metastasis of parathyroid carcinoma in 18 and 23 months after surgery, 1 died of cardiovascular accident in 19 months after surgery. ConclusionSurgical excision of the lesion parathyroid tissue is the most effective treatment for PHPT.