Objective To explore the expressions of Galectin-3, Fascin-1, and β-catenin protein in colorectal adenocarcinoma and the relations to clinicopathologic characteristics. Methods The expressions of Galectin-3, Fascin-1, and β-catenin protein were detected in 60 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma, 30 cases of adenoma, and 30 cases of normal mucosa by microwave-EliVisionTM immunohistochemistry method, and analyzed the expressions of them and the relations to clinicopathologic characteristics. Results The expression rate of Galectin-3, Fascin-1, and β-catenin protein in CRC was 68.3% （41/60）, 53.3% （32/60）, and 81.7% （49/60） respectively, which was 46.7% （14/30）, 30.0% （9/30）, and 43.3% （13/30） respectively in adenoma, and 20.0% （6/30）, 3.3% （1/30）, and 13.3% （4/30） respectively in normal mucosa, the differences had statistical significance （P＜0.05）. The expressions of Galectin-3, Fascin-1, and β-catenin protein had statistically significant correlation with the TNM stage, invasive degree, and lymph node metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma （P＜0.05, P＜0.01）. The expressions of Galectin-3 and β-catenin protein had statistically significant correlation with the different differentiation degree of colorectal adenocarcinoma （P＜0.05）, but the expression of Fascin-1 protein was not related to differentiation degree of colorectal adenocarcinoma （P＞0.05）.The expressions of Galectin-3, Fascin-1, and β-catenin protein had not statistically significant correlation with the patient’s age and gender, and tumour size （P＞0.05）.There were positive correlations between the Galectin-3 and Fascin-1 or β-catenin （r=0.728，P＜0.01；r=0.696，P＜0.01）, and there was positive correlation between β-catenin and Fascin-1 （r=0.507，P＜0.01）. Conclusions The high expressions of Galectin-3, Fascin-1, and β-catenin protein in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues are some extent correlated to the high invasive ability and lymph node metastasis, which could be used for the indexes to predict the invasion and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma potentially.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between galectin-3 and tumour metastasis, and the future prospect of galectin-3 in clinic.MethodsRelated articles were reviewed. ResultsGalectin-3, a member of the β-galactoside-binding proteins, is expressed widely in epithelial and immune cells, and interacts with intracellular glycoproteins, cell surface molecules and extracellular matrix proteins. Galectin-3 is involved in various biological phenomena including cell growth, adhesion, differentiation, angiogenesis and apoptosis, and is associated with invasion and metastasis of tumour. ConclusionBecause of the correlation between galectin-3 and tumour invasion and metastasis, galectin-3 may act as the diagnostic marker for tumour metastasis and one of the target proteins for cancer treatment.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of β-catenin and Galectin-3 protein in human cervical carcinoma and its clinical pathological significance. MethodsEighty-three cervical specimens were collected from January 2010 to June 2013. By immunohistochemical method, β-catenin and Galectin-3 expression of the 83 cases of cervical carcinoma, 45 cases of intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 25 normal cervix tissue (control) were detected. ResultsThe positive expression rate in cervical carcinoma of β-catenin and Galectin-3 was respectively 74.70% and 81.93%, which was significantly higher than that in intraepithelial neoplasia (ⅠandⅡ) and normal cervical tissue (P<0.05). Compared with cervical cancer, the expression of β-catenin and Galectin-3 in CINⅢ had no statistical significance (P>0.05). The positive expression of β-catenin was significantly correlated with histological grade of cervical cancer tissue, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grade and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The positive expression of Galectin-3 was closely related to histological grade of cervical cancer tissue and lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). Both β-catenin and Galectin-3 expression had no relationship with other clinical pathological parameters, such as age of patients, tumor size and pathological pattern of tumor (P>0.05). β-catenin expression had significant positive correlation with that of Galectin-3 (r=0.327, P=0.002). ConclusionThe expression of Galectin-3 and β-catenin increases obviously and is associated with abnormal clinical parameters (invasion or metastasis) in patients with cervical cancer. Galectin-3 and β-catenin may act as cancer metastasis and prognostic indicators in these patients.
Objective To observe the expression of Galectin-3 and Galectin-1 in pancreatic cancer and explore the relationship between the expression and pathological grading. Methods Forty specimens of pancreatic carcinoma tissue and thirty-one specimens of normal pancreas tissue were selected, which were confirmed by surgical resection and pathology from 2002 to 2009. The expression of Galectin-3 mRNA and Galectin-1 mRNA in pancreatic cancer cell lines SW1990, PANC-1 and ASPC -1 was detected by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; the expression of Galectin-3 protein and Galectin-1 protein in SW1990, PANC-1 and ASPC-1 was detected by means of immunocytochemistry; the expression of Galectin-3 protein and Galectin-1 protein in pancreatic cancer and normal pancreatic tissue was detected by means of immunohistochemistry. Results In SW1990, PANC-1 and ASPC-1, Galectin-3 mRNA signal and protein were detected, but no Galectin-1 mRNA signal or protein was detected. There was no expression of Galectin-3 protein or Galectin-1 protein in the 31 specimens of normal pancrease tissue, while there were Galectin-3 protein and Galectin-1 protein expressed in the 40 specimens of pancreatic cancer tissue. In the 40 specimens of pancreatic cancer tissue, the expression of Galectin-3 protein was observed in pancreatic cancer cells, but not in fibroblasts or matrix cells around the cancer mass; while the expression of Galectin-1 protein was observed in fibroblasts and matrix cells around the cancer mass, but not observed in pancreatic cancer cells. There was no significant association between the expression of Galectin-3 protein in pancreatic cancer and pathological grading (P>0.05); while the expression of Galectin-1 protein in pancreatic cancer was related to the pathological grading, and the expression of Galectin-1 protein was significant higher in poorly differentiated tumors than that in well/moderately differentiated tumors (P<0.05). Conclusions Galectin-3 or Galectin-1 is not expressed in normal pancreases; Galectin-3 is expressed in pancreatic cancer cells; Galectin-1 is expressed in fibroblasts and matrix cells around the cancer mass. The expression of Galectin-1 is related with the differentiation of pancreatic cancer.
Objective To explore the expressions of galectin-3 （Gal-3） and cytokeratin-19 （CK-19） in different tissues of Hashimoto thyroiditis （HT） complicated with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma （PTMC）. Methods The tumor tissue， 0.5 cm near tumor tissue， and opposite lateral lobe thyroid tissue in 25 HT with benign nodus patients， 25 PTMC patients， and 25 HT with PTMC patients were collected. The expressions of Gal-3 and CK-19 in these tissues were detected by immunohistochemical methods. Results ①The positive rates of Gal-3 and CK-19 expressions in the tumor tissueof HT with PTMC patients and PTMC patients were significantly higher than those of HT with benign nodus patients （P＜0.05）.②The positive rates of Gal-3 and CK-19 expressions in the opposite lateral lobe thyroid tissue of HT with PTMC patients and HT with benign nodus patients were significantly higher than those of PTMC patients （P＜0.05）．③The positive rates of Gal-3 and CK-19 expressions in the 0.5 cm near tumor tissue of HT with PTMC patients and HT with benign nodus patients were significantly higher than those of PTMC patients （P＜0.05）. ④The middle and b positive rates of Gal-3 and CK-19 expressions in the 0.5 cm near tumor tissue of HT with PTMC patients were significantly higher than those of HT with benign nodus patients and the PTMC patients （P＜0.05）．Conclusions ①Gal-3 and CK-19 protein are helpful to differentiate the benign thyroid tumor and malignant one. ② The expressions of Gal-3 and CK-19 protein in patients with HT are clear higher than those in patients without HT that means the prognosis evaluation in HT canceration. ③ Gal-3 combined with CK-19 protein are help for early diagnosis， the pathogenesis and prognosis evaluation in thyroid cancer. The b positive means canceration. ④ In HT with PTMC， it needs an operation therapy and a larger one， which is appropriate for lateral and opposite lobe partial resection or total resection.
Objective To analyze the expressions of galectin-3， human bone marrow endothelial cell-1 （HBME-1），cytokeratin （CK）19， and RET in benign and malignant thyroid tumor and to discuss their clinical significances. Methods The clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical staining data of 131 patients with benign and malignant thyroid tumor were analyzed retrospectively， including 45 patients with malignant thyroid tumor， 86 patients with benign thyroidtumor. The expressions of galectin-3， HBME-1， CK19， and RET in the benign and malignant thyroid tumor were detectedby immunohistochemical staining. Results The positive expression rates of the galectin-3， HBME-1， CK19， and RET in the malignant thyroid tumor were 97.8% （44/45）， 88.9% （40/45）， 100% （45/45）， and 71.1% （32/45）， respectively，which in the benign thyroid tumor were 9.3% （8/86）， 12.8% （11/86）， 37.2% （32/86）， and 8.1% （7/86）， respectively， the differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05）. The diagnostic sensitivity， specificity， and accordance rates were 97.8 %， 90.7%， and 93.1% for the galectin-3， respectively；88.9%， 87.2%， and 87.8% for the HBME-1， respec-tively；100%， 62.8%， and 75.6% for the CK19， respectively；71.1%， 91.9%， and 84.7% for the RET， respectively. Conclusions The expression levels of galectin-3， HBME-1， CK19， and RET in malignant thyroid tumor are significantly higher than those in benign thyroid tumor. Galectin-3， HBME-1， CK19， and RET can be important factors for identifying the benign and malignant tumor and their biological behaviors. Galectin-3 has a high reference value in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.
Objective To explore the relationship between the structure and function of galectin-3， lipid metabolism disorders， and investigate the expression of galectin-3 in the occurrence and progress of lower limb arteriosclerosis block disease. Methods Related articles were reviewed. Results Galectin-3 participates in inflammatory reaction and lipid metabolism disorders， regulates the cell growth， differentiation， adhesion， apoptosis， and angiogenesis， and palys a role in the occurrence and progress of arteriosclerosis obliterans. Conclusion Galectin-3 is correlation with the occurrence， progress， and the prognosis of arteriosclerosis obliterans.
Objective To observe the effects of Galectin-3 on proliferation of vascular endothelial cells derived from peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells. Methods The cultured peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells in vitro were isolated and purified from human peripheral blood, and the cells were differentiated into vascular endothelial cells. Then the cells were cultivated with the galectin-3 of different concentrations, and to observe the proliferation of endothelial cells derived from peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells. Results The abilities of proliferation of endothelial cells derived from peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells of 0.1, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μg/ml groups were higher than that of 0 μg/ml group, there were not statistic significance of the differences between the 0.1，1.0, 2.5, and 0 μg/ml groups （P＞0.05）. But the abilities of proliferation of 5.0 and 10.0 μg/ml groups were obviously higher than that of 0, 0.1, 1.0, and 2.5 μg/ml groups （P＜0.05）, and the abilities of proliferation of 10.0 μg/ml group was also higher than that of 5.0 μg/ml group （P＜0.05）. Conclusion Galectin-3 can promote the proliferation of endothelial cells derived from peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell.
ObjectiveTo investigate the structure, ligand, and tissue distribution of galectin-3, the relationship of galectin3 with tumor and the expression of galectin-3 in several thyroid diseases. MethodsRelated articles were reviewed. ResultsGalectin-3 was expressed in normal and tumor cell that regulated cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, which participated invasion and metastasis of tumor. ConclusionGalectin-3 may be used to discriminate benign and malignant thyroid tumor.
ObjectiveTo explore the expressions of galectin-3 protein and CD105 protein in colorectal cancer and the relationship with clinicopathologic features. MethodsThe expressions of galectin-3 protein and CD105 protein 〔microvessel density (MVD)〕 were detected in 60 cases of colorectal cancer tissues, 30 cases of adenoma tissues, and 30 cases of normal mucosa tissues (at least 4 cm far from carcinoma) by MicrowaveEliVisionTM immunohistochemistry, and the relationship with clinicopathologic features was analyzed. ResultsThe expressions of galectin3 protein and MVD in normal mucosa tissues, adenoma tissues, and cancer tissues gradually increased (Plt;0.05). The expression of galectin-3 protein and MVD in colorectal cancer tissues were correlated to TNM stage, invasive depth, and lymph node metastasis (Plt;0.05， Plt;0.01), and the expression of glectin-3 protein was also correlated to differentiated degree (Plt;0.05). The expression of galectin-3 protein in colorectal cancer tissues was positively correlated to MVD (r=0.420， Plt;0.01). ConclusionsThe high expressions of galectin-3 protein and CD105 protein are correlated to the high invasion ability and lymph node metastasis, which may be potential sensitive index to predict the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer.