Objective To investigate the differences in biological features between male and female patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome( OSAHS) . Methods 192 cases of patients with snoring were analyzed in the Sleep Medicine Center of West ChinaHospital fromSeptember 2004 to February 2005. The standard sleep disorder questionnaires, neck circumference, hight, weight, and all night polysomnography ( PSG) were evaluated. The clinical features of the male and female patients with OSAHS were compared. Results 170 cases of patients met the criteria of OSAHS for the apnea-hypopnea index ( AHI) more than 5 times per hour. Male gender accounted for 90% of the total patients ( male vs. female 153 vs. 17, 9∶1) . The age of male patients with OSAHS was younger than that of female ( 45. 7 ±11. 4 yearsvs. 58. 0 ±6. 1 years, P = 0. 000) . Parameters including neck circumference ( 37. 6 ±3. 2 cm vs. 35. 6 ±3. 2 cm, P =0. 000) , waist/hip rate ( 0. 94 ±0. 04 vs. 0. 9 ±0. 06, P = 0. 000) , AHI ( 36. 4 ±25. 7 vs.21. 4 ±17. 4, P =0. 004) , oxygen desaturation index ( 34. 5 ±27. 4 vs. 22. 2 ±20. 8, P =0. 035) , the number of smoking ( 52. 9% vs. 5. 9% , P = 0. 000) and drinking ( 46. 4% vs. 5. 9% , P = 0. 001) were different among the male and female patients with OSAHS. On the other hand, the morning headache ( 70. 6% vs.26. 1%, P = 0. 005) , mouth dry( 76. 5% vs. 47. 7% , P = 0. 025) , bad temper ( 52. 9% vs. 19. 0% , P =0. 004) , and hypertension ( 52. 9% vs. 20. 9% , P =0. 007) were more common in the female patients with OSAHS. Conclusion There are significant differences between male and female patients with OSAHS in prevalence, age, symptoms, and severity of the disease.
Objective To systematically review the sex differences in efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods We conducted a computer search of Medline, The Cochrane Library, and EMbase from inception to November 2022 to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy of ICIs for NSCLC patients. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results Finally 16 RCTs with a total of 9 653 patients were included, and all were evaluated as high-quality literature using the modified Jadad scale. Meta-analysis results showed that in female NSCLC patients receiving immune therapy, the median overall survival (OS) [HR=0.72, 95%CI(0.61, 0.85), P<0.001] was longer than in males [HR=0.73, 95%CI(0.69, 0.78), P=0.401]. Males [HR=0.64, 95%CI(0.58, 0.71), P=0.171] had an advantage over females [HR=0.76, 95%CI(0.57, 1.03), P<0.001] in median progression-free survival (PFS). Conclusion Females receiving ICIs have immunotherapeutic advantages in terms of median OS compared to males, while males are more likely to benefit statistically in terms of median PFS than females.