【摘要】 目的 分析合并免疫指标异常的视神经脊髓炎临床特点。 方法 回顾性分析2009年5月-2010年11月收治的62例视神经脊髓炎患者中24例合并免疫指标异常患者的临床资料。24例均为女性，发病年龄14~53岁。对其临床表现、视觉诱发电位、影像学检查结果、免疫检查结果进行分析。 结果 所有患者均有脊髓和视神经同时或先后受累的表现。24例视觉诱发电位检查23例异常。脊髓MRI显示病变集中于颈段、上胸段脊髓。颈段和胸段脊髓同时受累17例，单纯颈段脊髓受损6例，单纯胸段脊髓受损1例。所有患者抗核抗体滴度均≥1∶100，合并抗SSA抗体阳性14例（55.5％），同时合并抗SSB抗体阳性11例（45.8％），合并抗Rib抗体阳性1例，合并抗SCL-70抗体阳性1例，合并抗dsDNA抗体1例。 结论 视神经脊髓炎合并免疫指标异常的患者以女性较为多见，易复发，青壮年患者发病率最高。脊髓MRI示病变集中于颈段、上胸段脊髓，表现为长节段脊髓损害。视神经脊髓炎患者合并结缔组织病的病例较多。【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the clinical features of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) combined with abnormal immune parameters. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 24 patients with NMO and abnormal immune parameters among the 62 NMO patients who were admitted into our department between May 2009 and November 2010. All patients were female, aged from 14 to 53 years. We analyzed their clinical manifestations, visual evoked potentials, imaging results, and immunological examinations. Results All patients had simultaneous or successive spinal cord and optic nerve involvement. Twenty-three patients had abnormal visual evoked potential. MRI showed that the lesions focused on the cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord. Both cervical and thoracic spinal cord were involved in 17 cases; there were 6 cases of simple cervical spinal cord injury and 1 case of simple thoracic spinal cord damage. Antinuclear antibody titer of all the patients was ≥1∶100. Combined positive anti-SSA antibody occurred in 14 patients (55.5%); Concomitant positive anti-SSB antibodies occurred in 11 patients (45.8%); Combined positive anti-Rib antibodies occurred in 1 patient; Combined positive anti-SCL-70 antibody occurred in 1 patient; and combined positive anti-dsDNA antibodies occurred in 1 patient. Conclusions NMO combined with abnormal immune parameters mainly occurs in female patients, especially in young people. Recurrence rate is high. MRI shows that the lesions focus mainly on the cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord, manifesting the characteristic of long segment damage. And NMO is frequently combined with connective tissue disease.