Objective To understand the current situation of dietary organophosphate esters (OPEs) exposure, its effect on human health and its role in the occurrence and development of digestive system disease. Method We searched, analyzed and summarized the relevant literatures on the exposure of OPEs in diet and its effects on digestive system health. Results OPEs had long-term, extensive, and continuous exposure in diet. Although the exposure levels of different OPEs were different in time and space, its impact on digestive system health could not be ignored. OPEs might play a potential role in digestive system injury and tumorigenesis through the activation of inflammation related pathways and the expression change of cancer-related gene. Conclusions OPEs exposure may be a potential risk factor for digestive system injury and tumor. Further exploration of its pathogenic mechanism is of great significance to the screening of high risk factors, disease prevention, and health care.