目的:探讨新的构建心脏解剖系统的方法,为影像医学、心脏手术和解剖学教学提供参考。方法: 对VHP数据集心脏断面图像进行连续追踪观察,对分割结果进行三维重建;利用Maya三维动画软件对重建心脏进行修正以及对心脏供血过程进行动画设定。结果: VHP心脏断面图像清晰,可清楚显示心脏各部分组织,心脏重建图像质量高,心脏供血过程动画准确、生动。结论:研究采用传统编程技术与Maya三维动画软件相结合进行三维重建的新方法,实现了基于VHP数据集的心脏解剖系统的构建,为影像医学和心脏手术提供了解剖学参考,也为解剖学教学提供了新的教学软件。
Objective To investigate the expression and characteristics distribution of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and its receptor during the development of retina of healthy Sprague-Dawley（SD）and Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats with hereditary retinal degeneration. Methods The expression and distribution of ciliary neurotrophic factor and its receptor were detected by immunohistochemical staining in the retinal paraffin sections of SD and RCS rats from newborn to 12 moths old. Results In the normal retina of SD rats 0-7 days after birth, positive CNTF staining was found in all of the retinal layers and the staining of ganglion cells strengthened and other cells weakened as the age of rats increased; the staining of ganglion cells reached the peak at the 4th week and lasted till the agedness. The same results of the CNTF staining were also found in RCS rats retina. Weak positive staining of CNTFR in all of the retinal layers was seen in the 0-3-day-old SD rats; the ganglion cells were darkly stained and incontinuous positive staining at the site which would develop to be the external segment was found; as the age increased, the positive staining of external segment of photoreceptor enhanced and reached the peak at the 14-28th day after birth. At the 56th day, the staining of ganglion cells in retina of SD rats was strengthened while the staining of external segment weakened till the agedness. The expression of CNTFR in retina of 3-14-day-old RCS rats was the same as which of normal SD rats basically, but the staining of external segment weakened obviously from the 21st day on, and negative staining of external and positive ganglion cells were detected at the 28th day till the agedness. Conclusions Expression of CNTF in normal SD rats and RCS rats with hereditary retinal degeneration is almost the same. The presence of significant difference of expression of CNTFR between normal SD rats retina and RCS rats retina may provide the experimental gist for the CNTF treatment to retinal degeneration. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 120-123)
Objective To observe the morphological changes and gene expression during the transdifferentiation of adult retinal pigment epith elial(RPE) cells into neuronal phenotype in vitro induced by retrovirus and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Meothds The adult RPE cells derived from CRL 2302 were infected by retrovirus with green fluoresence protein(GFP)and then were transfected further by liposome mediated CNTF expressing plasmid.The cellular ability of producing CNTG,and the expression of CNTF, CNTF receptor (CNTFR), and signal transduction molecule janus tyrosine kinases (JAK) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemical stainin gand Western blotting method. Results After infected by retrovirus, the configuration of adult RPE cells didnrsquo;t change much, but expressions of neurons and some glial cells markers likeneurofilament (NF) protein and glial fibraillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected. After further transfected by CNTF expressing plasmid, RPE cells which expressed CNTF highly and continuously had differential neurocytes; the expression of CNTFR didnrsquo;t change, but the distribution position changed to the cell membrane; expression of signal transduction molecule JAK increased obviously. Conclusion The adult RPE cells may transdifferentiate into neurons induced by retrvirus and CNTF. The transdifferentiation may relate to CNTF-CNTFR-JAK signal transduction pathway. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 400-403)
Objective To establish a culture system in vitro of fetal and adult human retinal neural cells provide a model for the basic research of retinal neural cells and the medicinal exploitation. Methods Fetal human retinas(10~13 weeks after conception) and adult human retinas(20~40 years old) were dissected, dissociated, and put into culture plate which was coated with polylysine or rat tail gel. Specific growth factor EGF、FGF、BDNF or NT-4 were added to the culture medium. BrdU incorporation, Tunnel assessment and immuno-histochemistry and immuno-fluorescent staining were applied to determine cells proliferation, apoptosis and identify the component of cultured cells. Results Fetal human retinal cells and adult human retinal cells survived for up to 100 and 180 days in vitro. The addition of EGF、FGF、BDNF or NT-4 promoted the survival of both fetal and adult retinal neurons and stimultated proliferation of fetal retinal cells. The neurons or the rate of ganglion cells was observed with higher percentage in the group with growth factor adding than the group without. Conclusion Fetal and adult human retinal cells can be maintained in vitro and the fetal cells also can be expanded, which are helpful to generate retinal neurons for basic research and drug exploitation. The exogenous growth factors added to the culture medium can promote survival, proliferation and differentiation of retinal cells in culture. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 279-282)
Objective To make a comparative study on the effects of whole bone marrow culture method and density gradient centrifugation method in isolating hBMSCs. Methods hBMSCs were obtained from healthy adult volunteers and isolated by whole bone marrow culture method and density gradient centrifugation method. Primary cell morphology was observed using inverted phase contrast microscope and the cells in the 2nd passage were stained with HE after being cultured for 7 days. And then, the generation time of the primary, 2nd and 3rd passage hBMSCs was comparedbetween two methods and the surface markers were detected by flow cytometer. In addition, the ALP expression inosteoinductive hBMSCs were evaluated by ALP activity kit at 3, 6 and 9 days and ALP staining was used for osteoinductivehBMSCs with Kaplow method at 9 days. Results Primary cells isolated with whole bone marrow culture method showedaggregation growth while cells isolated with density gradient centrifugation method showed diffusion growth. HE stainingshowed no significant difference in the morphology of the 2nd passage cells between these two methods. The generationtime of primary cells isolated by whole bone marrow culture method (15.36 ± 1.67) days was significantly shorter than that of cells isolated by density gradient centrifugation method [(18.57 ± 1.05) days] (P lt; 0.01), while the generation time of the 2nd and 3rd passage cells showed no statistically significant differences between these methods (P gt; 0.05). The concent of positive surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD71, CD105, CD166) and negative surface marker CD34 in the 2nd cells showed no significant difference between these two isolation methods (P gt; 0.05); however, negative markers CD14 and CD45 showed significant difference (P lt; 0.01). The ALP expression in osteoinductive cells showed no statistical significant (P gt; 0.05) at 3, 6 and 9 days; and the ALP staining positive cell ratio of whole bone marrow culture method was basically in accordance with that of density gradient centrifugation method at 9 days. Conclusion hBMSCs could be isolated by whole bone marrow culture method, and the cell isolation effects of whole bone marrow culture method are equivalent with density gradient centrifugation method.
Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicinal herbs for treating endometriosis. Methods We searched Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CBM (from establishment to 2003). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized controlled trials of patients with endometriosis were included. The quality of included studies such as randomization, blinding, allocation concealment and loss of follow up were evaluated and meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 4.3 software. Results Ten RCTs or quasi-RCTs involving 1 120 patients were included. Because of different therapies in the treatment and control groups, the results of outcome were described separately. Most of included studies suggested that the effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on general effect, pregnancy rate improvement and alleviating dysmenorrhoea were similar to Danazol or Tamoxifen, only a few studies showed better effects. There was no evidence to support that TCM was more effective than western medicine in reducing the size of endometriotic cysts. Only one study mentioned the recurrence rate and showed that TCM enema had lower recurrence rate than oral Tamoxifen with OR 0.17, 95%CI 0.04 to 0.67. Five studies mentioned adverse reactions and showed TCM had fewer adverse effects than western medicine. Conclusions Chinese medicinal herbs are effective in treating endometriosis with fewer adverse effects. The evidence is not b enough because of low quality of the included studies. Therefore, more high quality randomized controlled trials are required.
Objective To evaluate the value of Sysmex XT-4000i hematology analyzer in its body-fluid mode in cell count and cell differential count of pleural effusion, ascites and cerebrospinal fluid samples. Methods A total of 95 pleural effusion, ascites and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from patients hospitalized between May and September 2015. The samples were tested by Sysmex XT-4000i hematology analyzer (instrument method) and modified Neubauer hemocytometer (manual method) for cell count, and the results of them were compared and analyzed. Results The instrument method and the manual method had a good consistency in nuclear cell count and erythrocyte count (kappa=0.965,P< 0.001; kappa=0.988,P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the count of mononuclear cells (P> 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the count of multiple nuclear cells (P<0.05). Conclusions Hematology analyzer in its body-fluid mode may replace manual method in cell count of pleural effusion, ascites and cerebrospinal fluids for its high precision, high efficiency and easy operation. However, cell differential count of this method needs microscopic examination assistance.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of supervised smoking cessation program on COPD Assessment Test (CAT), modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score and readmission risk in smoking patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods A total of 200 patients with COPD were enrolled in the study from the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ganmei Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Kunming) from April 2018 to December 2019. They were randomized divided into a control group (100 cases) and a supervision group (100 cases). The control group stopped smoking by their own will, and the supervision group was interfered on the basis of self-quit. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to compare the CAT, mMRC, SGRQ scores and hospitalization times of the enrolled subjects before intervention, at the end of 6 months and 12 months of intervention, to evaluate the impact of supervised smoking cessation on the quality of life in smoking patients with COPD. Results CAT scores and mMRC scores were lower in the supervision group than in the control group after 6 months of follow-up compared with the baseline enrollment. There was a significant decrease in the supervision group, from 2.39 to 0.58 respectively; the decrease of control group was not obvious, from 0.15 to 0.01 respectively. After 12 months of follow-up, compared with enrollment and after 6 months of follow-up, the supervision group had a significant decrease, and the CAT score decreased from 4.45 to 2.06, respectively. The mMRC scores decreased by 1.03 and 0.45 points, respectively. The CAT scores of the control group were increased by 0.02 and 0.17 points, respectively, which showed an opposite trend to that of the supervision group. The mMRC score was decreased to a certain extent by 0.16 and 0.15 points, respectively, which was significantly less than that of the supervision group. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After 1 year, compared with enrollment, the average SGRQ score decreased in both the supervision group and the control group. SGRQ symptom score decreased by 4.95 points and 3.51 points respectively; SGRQ activities decreased by 4.01 points and 10.00 points respectively; SGRQ effect score decreased by 5.33 points and 8.65 points respectively; SGRQ total scores were decreased by 6.26 points and 8.95 points respectively. And the number of cigarettes was reduced by 19.01 and 17.15 respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The decreasing range of CAT score, mMRC score, SGRQ symptom score and smoking counts in the supervision group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Considering the supervision to quit smoking can well reflect the improvement of clinical symptoms in COPD patients. In terms of the times of hospitalization, the risk of readmission was lower in the supervision group. Conclusions The mMRC, CAT and SGRQ scores showed that supervised smoking cessation could better improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of readmission in smoking patients. Lung function and quality of life were significantly better after intervention than before.
Objective With reference to the method of operationalization of concept in the field of sociology, this study developed a methodological framework for intervention trials of Chinese medicine (CM) under the mode of syndrome dominating disease. Methods First, an operational definition of the syndrome dominating disease research model was clarified to provide the scope and direction of the methodological framework construction. Then a scoping review was conducted to identify the design features of clinical researches under the model to summarize the basic structure and content of the framework; furthermore, in-depth interviews were carried out to collect the views and suggestions of CM experts on this type of study, which added details to the framework. Finally, a survey was conducted to evaluate the rationality and feasibility of the methodological framework. Results A total of 74 studies were included and 12 CM experts were interviewed, and the results of the literature and interview study were synthesized to form a preliminary methodological framework. Thirty-two experts participated in the survey and most of them held a positive assessment of the rationality of the framework, then according to the experts’ suggestions, the final methodological framework which was a four-level structure with 25 items was established. Conclusion Following the internationally recognized methods and steps, this study develops a rational and feasible methodological framework for CM trials under the mode of syndrome dominating disease, which can provide references for future studies’ design, implementation and evaluation.