ObjectivesTo investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of first diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in a general hospital, so as to improve early recognition and diagnosis of HIV/AIDS.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of HIV/AIDS patients who were diagnosed for the first time and had medical records in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2015 to December 2016. Epidemiological information, clinical characteristics and opportunistic infection of these patients were analyzed.ResultsThe 1 036 HIV/AIDS patients were mainly from other regions of Sichuan Province except Chengdu. The overall ratio of male to female was 3.26∶1, and the ages of the patients were mainly between 15 and 59 years old (83.20%). In the occupational distribution, household or unemployed accounted for the largest proportion (36.39%). In terms of education level, junior high school accounted for the largest proportion (27.70%). Among marital status, married accounted for the largest proportion (52.41%). Among ethnic groups, the Han nationality accounted for the largest proportion (87.64%). The main infection route was sexual transmission (82.05%), of which heterosexual transmission accounted for 65.64% and homosexual transmission accounted for 16.41%. The clinical departments of confirmed patients had a wide range of sources, the top five of which were General Outpatient Clinic, Infection Center, Department of Emergency, Department of Dermatology & Venerology and Department of Neurology. Of the patients, 66.99% reported asymptomatic, and 33.01% had one or more symptoms. The most common symptoms were systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue and lymphadenopathy, as well as clinical manifestations of respiratory system, nervous system and gastrointestinal system. The clinical stage of HIV/AIDS patients were mainly asymptomatic phase and AIDS phase, accounting for 98.65%. Among the HIV/AIDS patients, there were obviously more medical patients than surgical patients. The most common symptoms of the medical patients were fever, cough and expectoration, headache, fatigue and abdominal pain. The main symptoms of the surgical patients were headache, abdominal pain and lymphadenopathy. Compared with the surgical HIV/AIDS patients, the medical patients were younger (Z=−2.647, P=0.008), and the platelet counts (t=−2.110, P=0.036) and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts (Z=−4.639, P<0.001) were lower, the differences were statistically significant. Compared with the homosexually transmitted HIV/AIDS patients, the heterosexually transmitted patients were older (t=25.477, P<0.001), and had lower CD4+ T lymphocyte counts (Z=−2.779, P=0.005). And in males, the red blood cell count and hemoglobin content were lower. There were 214 patients (20.66%) with opportunistic infections, and 50 patients (4.83%) with tumors.ConclusionsHIV/AIDS patients in this general hospital come from different clinic departments, and were mainly Han nationality and married men. Sexual transmission is the main transmission route. Common clinical presentations of HIV/AIDS include fever, fatigue, cough and expectoration, headache, abdominal pain and lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS patients combined with opportunistic infections and tumors need more attention.
Medical engineering interdisciplinary aims to integrate medicine, engineering science and other disciplines and to carry out scientific research and application in a collaborative manner. At present, the demand for medical engineering interdisciplinary in the field of medical laboratory technology is increasing, which also puts forward new requirements for the “Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Technology”. This article elaborates on the necessity and existing problems of the medical engineering interdisciplinary, reports on the overall ideas of the curriculum reform of “Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Technology” at West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University based on the medical engineering interdisciplinary, and specifically elaborates on the reform practices in three aspects: teaching philosophy, teaching content and methods, and teacher optimization, as well as the preliminary achievements obtained, so as to provide new ideas for the curriculum reform of the “Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Technology”.