ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. MethodsMedical examination data of healthy physical examination participates who underwent carbon 14 urea breath test for detection of HP and abdominal ultrasound examination between March and June 2015 were analyzed. Cross sectional analysis was carried out. Based on the diagnostic criteria of NAFLD, the subjects were divided into two groups: NAFLD group and normal control group. HP infection was compared between the two groups. Logistics regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between HP infection and NAFLD. ResultsThe proportion of men, age, weight, body mass index (BMI), waistline, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, glutamyl transferase, albumin, fasting blood-glucose (GLU), total cholesterol triacylglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and blood pressure were all significantly higher in the NAFLD group than the control group (P < 0.05), while height and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly lower in the NAFLD group (P < 0.05). The detection rate of NAFLD in males was higher than that in females. The detection rates of NAFLD in different age groups were significantly different, and the highest detection rate of NAFLD was in the age group of 50-59 years old (P < 0.05). The rate of HP infection was not significantly different in subjects of different ages and genders (P > 0.05). The rate of HP infection in the NAFLD group was significantly higher than those of the control group in age groups of 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 70-79 years old (P < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed that age, HP infection, TG, ALT, BMI, GLU, and diastolic pressure were correlated with NAFLD (P < 0.05). ConclusionHP infection may be a risk factor in the development of NAFLD.