A simple model of canine auto-trasplantation of liver was set up by ourselves, and the effects of hepatic artery ischemia (HAI) on ultrastructure of liver and biliary duct transplanted were observed. The results showed that the liver and biliary cells swelled slightly, mitochondrial matrix was loose and ridges were vague just often perfusion. Afte HAI for 3 hours the edema of hepatic and biliary cells aggravated cytoplasm was loose, mitochondria enlarged and partly vacuolar degenerated, ridges broke or disappeared, flocculent focal densites was seen in the matrix, endoplasmic retculum distended obviously, and the ribosome depolymerizated. So we consider that HAI causes obvious damage to hepatic and biliary cells. These indicate that HAI is one of the important factors of complication after liver transplantation, especially some biliary complications.