【Abstract】Objective To explore the clinical significance of β-catenin expression in pancreatic carcinoma.Methods The immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of β-catenin in the specimens of 46 patients with pancreatic carcinoma and the results were statistically analyzed.Results The abnormal expression rate on the membrane was 54.3%, the poorer the differentiation, the higher the abnormal expression rate. The levels of the cases in whom metastasis occurred were much higher than those without metastasis. The abnormal cytoplasm expression rate was 21.7%,which had not significant correlation with the clinical indexes, such as staging, tumor size, grading and metastasis. In 23 patients who accepted intervention chemotherapy before operation, the cytoplasm expression rate in those with tumor mass smaller was 0, which was evidently lower than that of those without tumor mass change (33.3%). Moreover, the abnormal membrane and cytoplasm expression rates had remarkable concordance (63.0%).Conclusion The abnormal membrane expression of β-catenin may accelerate metastasis, and the abnormal expression of β-catenin in cytoplasm may result in cell proliferation.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological significance of integrin α5β1 expression and microvessel density(MVD) in gastric cancer(GC) and the correlation of MVD with integrin α5β1. MethodsThe expression of integrin α5β1 was detected by means of immunohistochemical staining (SP method) on paraffinembeded tissue specimens from 35 primary gastric carcinoma(PGC), 10 metastasic lymph node of gastric cancer and 8 chronic superficial gastritis (CSG). Vascular endothelial cells were stained immunohistochemically using antiCD34 monoclonal antibody to recognize microvessel(MV) in 35 cases of PGC and 8 CSG, MV was counted in 4 hot spot per slide under lightmicroscope (×400) and the average was defined as MVD. The results combined with clinicopathological parameters were analyzed statistically to characterize the role of integrin α5β1 and MVD in the progression of gastric cancer. ResultsIntegrin α5β1 expression and MVD in PGC were significantly higher than those in CSG respectively （t=3.32, P lt;0.01; t=2.30, Plt;0.05）; the expression of integrin α5β1 in PGC showed only a correlation with the invasion depth of tumor (t=2.29, Plt;0.05） while MVD showed all correlations with invasion depth,lymph node status and TNM stage （t=3.07, Plt;0.01; t=2.48, Plt;0.05; t=2.94,Plt;0.01）. Neither integrin α5β1expression nor MVD showed a relation with differential of PGC （t=0.15, Pgt;0.05; t=0.41, Pgt;0.05）. Integrin α5β1 was significantly overexpressed in lymph node metastatic cancer compared with that in corresponding PGC （t=2.45, Plt;0.05）; the difference of MVD showed no statistical significance among levels of integrin α5β1 expression in PGC （F =1.43,P＞0.05） and it showed no correlation with integrin α5β1 expression（r= 0.156, P=0.37）.Conclusion Overexpression of integrin α5β1 is present in GC and associates with the progression of tumor, implying that it may be viewed as the indicator of invasion and metastasis and the candidate target of gene therapy of gastric cancer. However, integrin α5β1 may not play an important role in the vascularization of GC.
With immunohistochemical technique, epithelial membrane antigen monoclonal antibody (EMA) has been used to detect the micrometastatic focus in bone marrow of patients with primary gastric cancer since 1992. In the exmamination of 65 patients, the positive rate of bone metastasis was 58.46%. After comprehensive treatment to these patients, comparative observation showed that there were marked differences between pre-therapeutic (9.45) and post-therapeutic (2.19). The result demonstrates that this technique provides identification of blood micrometastases and has insttructive signnificance for clinical comprehensive treatment.
Objective To evaluate the survival condition and quantitative variation of mechanoreceptors in the tibial remnant of ruptured anterior cruciate l igament (ACL) in human knees. Methods Between April 2009 and May 2010, 60 patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction were included and divided into 4 groups according to the time of injury, with 15 patients in each group. In group A, there were 14 males and 1 female aged 20-37 years (mean, 27 years); the injury was caused by traffic accident in 5 cases and by sports in 10 cases, and the time between injury and surgery was not more than 3 months. In group B, there were 14 males and 1 female aged 17-43 years (mean, 24 years); the injury was caused by traffic accident in 2 cases and by sports in 13 cases; and the time between injury and surgery was 3 to 6 months. In group C, there were 11 males and 4 females aged 16-53 years (mean, 28 years); the injury was caused by traffic accident in 2 cases and by sports in 13 cases; and the time between injury and surgery was 6 to 12 months. In group D, there were 12 males and 3 females aged 18-41 years (mean, 26 years); the injury was caused by sports in 11 cases, and the other 4 cases had no defined etiology; and the time between injury and surgery was more than 12 months. Specimens were donated by the volunteers from the anteromedial side of the ACL tibial remnant (40 sl ices per specimen) and stained via immunohistochemical method. The type, size, and quantity of mechanoreceptors were observed under l ight microscope. Results Totally 80 Ruffini-l ike corpuscles, 8 Pacini-l ike corpuscles, 5 atypical neural endings and no distinct Golgi organ-l ike corpuscles were observed under l ight microscope in 60 specimens (2 400 sl ices) of 4 groups. There was no obvious difference in size and type of mechanoreceptors among 4 groups. However,some degenerative and atrophic changes could be observed in the specimens of group D. The total number of echanoreceptors was 31 (35.2%) in group A, 22 (25.0%) in group B, 23 (26.1%) in group C, and 12 (13.7%) in group D. There was no significant difference (P gt; 0.05) in Ruffini-l ike corpuscles and Pacini-l ike corpuscles among 4 groups. Mechanoreceptors were found in 9,8, 9, and 6 patients in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively; the detection rates were 60.0%, 53.3%, 60.0%, and 40.0%, respectively; showing no significant difference (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion The mechanoreceptors in tibial residual of ruptured ACL have a long survival without obvious degeneration and atrophy within 12 months. So it may contribute to restoration of proprioceptive function after operation if the remnant is preserved during ACL reconstruction.
ObjectiveTo determine the expression change of activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) in human rectal cancer tissue, and analyze the correlation between ATF5 expression and the clinicopathologic parameters of rectal cancer. MethodsNinetytwo paired samples of rectal cancer tissue and more than 5 cm distant normal rectal tissue were obtained from inpatients between March 2009 and October 2009 in this hospital. ATF5 mRNA and protein expressions were detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. ResultsThirty-three (35.9%) cases of rectal cancer showed ATF5 mRNA overexpression; however, the expression level of ATF5 mRNA in the rectal cancer tissue was not statistically different from that in the normal rectal tissue (P=0.363). There was no evidence for the relationship between the ATF5 mRNA expression and the patients’ age, gender, histological type, tumor differentiation degree, invasive depth, lymph node metastasis, distance metastasis, or TNM stage. In contrast, the positive expression rate of ATF5 protein in the rectal cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in the normal rectal tissue (P=0.000). Moreover, the ATF5 protein expression was correlated with the tumor differentiation degree (P=0.013), but not with other clinicopathologic features (Pgt;0.05). ConclusionsThe results suggest that ATF5 protein may be related to the carcinogenesis and differentiation of human rectal cancer. However, further researches are required to prove the correlation.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features, differential diagnosis and treatment for chromophobe cell renal carcinoma (CRCC) and renal oncocytoma. MethodsFrom December 2009 to May 2013, we selected 41 cases of CRCC and 22 cases of renal oncocytoma, retrospectively analyzed their clinical features, ultrasonography and CT findings and performed immunohistochemical staining for CK7, CD10, PAX-2, and Ksp-cadherin. ResultsCRCC could be associated with lower back pain or hematuria, and renal oncocytoma generally did not have clinical symptoms. Ultrasonography and CT examination were not specific for the differentiation between the two diseases. The expression rates of CK7, CD10, PAX-2, and Ksp-cadherin in CRCC were 66% (21/32), 22% (7/32), 23% (3/13) and 93% (14/15), respectively. In patients with oncocytoma, 7% (1/15) were positive for CK7, 7% (1/15) were positive for CD10, 86% (13/15) were positive for PAX-2, and 31% (4/13) were positive for Ksp-cadherin. Pearson chi-square analysis was performed with a significant P value set at <0.05. The results of CK7(-)CD10(-)PAX-2(+) and CK7(-)CD10(-)Ksp-cadherin(-) immunohistochemistry were integrated, which also showed the differences. ConclusionThe combination of CK7(-)CD10(-)PAX-2(+) and CK7(-)CD10(-)Ksp-cadherin(-) immunohistochemistry may be useful for differentiating between CRCC and oncocytoma. Combined with imaging examination, it can further improve the differential diagnosis of the two diseases.