PURPOSE:To verify existance of a-,~-,and 3'-protein kinase C(PKC)subspecies and their localization in rabbit retina. METHODS: Using an immunohistoehemical technique with mono- elonal antibodies against PKC isozymes- I (a),-I[ (13),and -~[ (Y) to characterize the distribution of PKC in rabbit retina. RESULTS:There is a positive immunostaining for a-,13-,and ~-PKC in rabbit retina. The immunoreactivity of a-PKC was observed mainly in the bipolar cells of inner nuclear layer and the outer segments of photorecptors. The positive immunostaining of 13-PKC could be seen in the ganglion cells,inner plexiform layer,inner nuclear layer,and the outer segments of photoreceptors. A diffuse and weak staining of Y-PKC is recognized in the ganglion cell layer,inner plexifrom layer,inner nuclear layer, and the outer segments of photoreceptors. CONCLUSION:The protein kinase C sub- speeies-a,-~,and-'Y are present in retina which is a part of the central nervous system
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and relation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in rats with diabetic retinopathy.MethodFifty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group (10 rats), and 1, 3, and 5-month-diabetes group (15 rats in each diabetes group), and the diabetic models were set up. The expressions of VEGF and bFGF were detected by situ hybridation and immunohistochemistry on retinal paraffin sections.ResultsThe results of situ hybridation showed that expression of bFGF was found in 3-month-deatbtes group with the percentage of 77.8%, and 88.9% in 5-month-deatbtes group; the positive expression of VEGF was not found in 3-month-deatbtes group but in 5-month-deatbtes group with the percentage of 66.7%. Immunohistochemistry indicated that the positive expression of bFGF started in 3-month-deatbtes group with the percentage of 55.6%, and 88.9% in 5-month-deatbtes group; the percentage of the expression of VEGF was 33.3% in 3-month-deatbtes group and 88.9% in 5-month-deatbtes group.ConclusionThe expression of VEGF occurs after the expression of bFGF in rats with DR.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:37-40)
Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of S100A4 protein in tumorstroma of nonsmall cell lung cancer（NSCLC） to study its correlation with invasion, metastasis and prognosis. Methods Immunohistochemical staining（SP method）for S100A4 protein expression was performed in tissue sections from 130 patients with NSCLC operated and to analyze association of S100A4 protein with clinicopathological parameters in lung cancer and prognosis. Results The total positive expression rates of S100A4 protein in stroma of NSCLC was 72.3%. The positive expression rates of S100A4 protein in stroma of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and large cell lung cancer were 84.3%，59.6%，70.0% and 75% respectively.The expression of S100A4 protein was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (χ2=18.91, P=0.000), distant metastasis(χ2=5.51, P=0.019) and TNM stage (χ2=21.54, P=0.000). The 3 years survival rates of patients whose tumourstroma stained positive for S100A4 was lower than that of patients whose tumourstroma stained negative (36.2% vs. 63.9%, P=0.003). Cox’ risk ratio model analysis indicated that age ≤50 years (OR=1.866), lymph node metastasis(OR=1.826), distant metastasis(OR=6.224), lower histology differentiation and undifferentiation (OR=1.793), TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ (OR=2.573) and positive expression of S100A4 protein in stroma of NSCLC(OR=1.776) were significantly independent prognostic factors which affected survival. Conclusion Expression of S100A4 protein in stroma of NSCLC is significantly associated with invasion, metastasis, TNM stage and prognosis. S100A4 protein might become a marker for prediction of tumor progression of disease and clinical therapy.
Objective To study the association and the effect of the expression of p16 and p53 protein on the occurence and development of gallbladder carcinoma. Methods The expression of p16 and p53 protein were detected in 40 cases of gallbladder carcinoma with immunohistochemical method. Results The expressions of p16 and p53 protein were closely correlated to the tumor pathological grade, lymph mode metastasis and prognosis. p16 protein was correlated to the Nevin classifications. Conclusion The results indicate that the low expression rate of p16 protein occurred in the advanced stage of gallbladder carcinoma. The expression of p16 and p53 protein are helpful in judging the malignant degree and prognosis of primary gallbladder cancer.
Objective To study the relationships between expressions of somatostatin receptor subtypes（SSTR1-SSTR5） and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Methods The expressions of SSTR1-SSTR5, VEGF, and CD34 in the paraffin sections of colorectal cancer tissues from 127 cases were detected by the standard streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) technique. CD34 was used as a marker to account microvessel density (MVD) in colorectal cancer tissues. The relationships between the expressions of SSTR1-SSTR5 and VEGF expression, or MVD were analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, and SSTR5 was 64.6% （82/127）, 36.2% （46/127）, 18.9% （24/127）, 18.9% （24/127）, and 38.6% （49/127） in colorectal cancer tissues, meanwhile, the positive expression rate of VEGF was 63.8% （81/127） and MVD was (34.67±16.62)/HP in colorectal cancer tissues. The positive expression rate of VEGF (47.8%， 22/46) and MVD 〔(29.00±15.32)/HP〕 in colorectal cancer tissues with SSTR2 positive expression were significantly lower than those in colorectal cancer tissues with SSTR2 negative expression 〔72.8%， 59/81； (37.90±16.56)/HP〕, Plt;0.05. There were no relationships between SSTR1, SSTR3, SSTR4, and SSTR5 expression and VEGF expression or MVD （Pgt;0.05）. Conclusion The positive expression of SSTR2 is related with angiogenesis in colorectal cancer tissues.
Objective To investigate the possible interaction between the ras and p53 genes overexpression in thyroid carcinoma, and whether there is correlation between the ras and p53 overexpression and clinico-pathological criteria. Methods Thyroid lesions from eighty patients were examined for expression of ras and p53 genes by the LSAB immunohistochemistic method. Of these patients, 54 were diagnosed as malignant lesions and 26 benign nodular thyroid disorders. Results The positive immunostain rate for ras and p53 genes was 90.7%, 23.0% and 55.5%, 30.7% in carcinoma and benign lesions respectively with statistically significance between thyroid carcinomas and benign disorders (Ｐ＜0.05). Both ras and p53 overexpressions coexisted in 30 thyroid carcinomas and follow-up showed that 3 of them died and 5 of them had recurrence within 4 years.Conclusion Activation of ras gene and inactivation of p53 gene are cooperatively associated in thyroid tumorigenesis. The concurrent overexpression of ras and p53 could result in a poor prognosis.
ObjectiveTo investigate the potential role of caudal type homeobox transcription factor-2 (CDX-2) and liverintestine cadherin (LI-cadherin) in the development and progression of gastric tumor by detecting their expressions in gastric cancer and benign lesions. MethodsThe expressions of CDX-2 and LI-cadherin protein were detected by immunohistochemistry in normal gastric mucosa (n=28), chronic superficial gastritis (n=30), chronic atrophic gastritis (n=42), intestinal metaplasia (n=58), gastric adenocarcinoma (n=46), vicinity cancerous tissue (n=30), and gastric stromal tumor (n=10)．Then, the relationship between expression of CDX-2 or LI-cadherin protein and clinicopathologic features was analyzed． Results①The expressions of CDX-2 and LI-cadherin were all negative in normal gastric mucosa, chronic superficial gastritis, vicinity cancerous tissue, and gastric stromal tumor. The positive rates of CDX-2 protein expression in intestinal metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma were 91.4% (53/58) and 80.4% (37/46), respectively, and the positive rates of LI-cadherin protein expression were 82.8% (48/58) in intestinal metaplasia and 65.2% (30/46) in gastric adenocarcinoma. The positive rates of CDX-2 and LI-cadherin protein expression in intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma 〔90.6% (29/32) and 78.1% (25/32)〕 were higher than those in diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma 〔57.1% (8/14) and 35.7% (5/14)〕, Plt;0.05． ② CDX-2 protein expression was associated with degree of differentiation (P=0.007), and LI-cadherin protein expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.007) and cancer staging (P=0.013). ③ In the mucosa of intestinal metaplasia, the coexpression positive rate of CDX-2 protein expression in nucleus with LI-cadherin protein in cytoplasm or membrane was 83.0% (44/53), while the coexpression positive rate was 67.6% (25/37) in gastric adenocarcinoma. Although b tendency between CDX-2 and LI-cadherin protein expression was showed, it was not confirmed by the correlation analysis (r=238， P=0.115). ConclusionsThe abnormal expressions of CDX-2 and LI-cadherin may be involved in the development and progress of intestinal metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma, respectively, and further studies are needed to determine if they have synergistic effect.
Objective To investigate the expression of ADAM9 in breast cancer and its clinical significance. Methods The expressions of ADAM9 in normal breast tissues and breast cancer tissues were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, and whose relationship with clinicopathologic features was analyzed. Results The expression of ADAM9 mRNA increased in the breast cancer tissues, but which was not detected in the normal breast tissues. The expression of ADAM9 protein in the breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the normal breast tissues (Plt;0.05), and which in the metastatic lymph nodes was significantly higher than that in the negative lymph nodes or corresponding primary lesions (Plt;0.05). The expression of ADAM9 in the breast cancer tissues was correlated with the lymph node metastasis and histological grade (Plt;0.05). Conclusion ADAM9 is overexpressed in the breast cancer tissues, which might involve in the pathological progression of breast cancer.
Objective To investigate the prevalence of cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP) alterations in colorectal cancer and their possible implications for the progression of colorectal cancer. Methods The long type cFLIP (cFLIPL) was examined in 43 colorectal cancer specimens and the matched normal colorectal specimens by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical staining for cFLIPL was assessed on an arbitrary semi-quantitative scoring system. Stained cells were counted under the magnification field (×100) and at least 20 fields per case were examined. Fields with non-stained cells were scored 0; fields with stained cells less than 5% were scored 1; fields with stained cells from 5% to 25% were scored 2; fields with stained cells between 26% and 50% were scored 3; and fields with stained cells more than 50% were scored 4. According to the above schedule， a mean score of each specimen was calculated. Results cFLIPL protein expressions of variable intensity and extent were detected in the normal colorectal mucosa and adenocarcinomas. cFLIPL was mainly expressed in the cytoplasma. The positive cells were distributed in diffuse manner. The mean expression score in normal mucosa ranged from 0 to 2.95 (mean score: 1.55±0.86); 4.7%(2/43) of all cases were unstained and 20.9%(9/43) showed a weakly stained pattern (0＜mean score≤1); 74.4%(32/43) of all cases were positively stained (1.00＜mean score≤2.95), respectively. cFLIPLprotein was expressed in all adenocarcinomas and the score ranged from 0.80-4.00 (mean score: 3.06±0.75); 62.8% (27/43) of the tumors examined were predominantly cFLIPL positive (mean score ＞3), 34.9%(15/43) of the tumors were cFLIPLpositive (1＜mean score ≤3) and only one case was cFLIPL weakly positive (score: 0.80). 72.1% (31/43) of adenocarcinomas expressed cFLIPLmore intensely and extensively than matched normal colonic mucosa. cFLIPL expression of colorectal cancer was significantly higher than that of matched normal mucosa, which was statistically significant (P＜0.01). The extent of cFLIPL expression in tumors was independent of Dukes stage, tumor stage, gross type of tumor, histological type, or lymph and hepatic metastasis. Conclusion The expression level of cFLIPL in adenocarcinomas is much higher than that in matched normal mucosa. Overexpression of cFLIPL is a tumor-specific phenomenon, which can provide a selective growth advantage for colorectal cancer cells to escape from death receptor-mediated apoptosis.
Objective The expression of CD15 antigen and oncoprotein bcl-2 in thyroid cancer were examined in order to study the correlation between them. Methods The expression of CD15 and bcl-2 in 50 thyroid cancers, 20 adjacent noncancerous portion, 45 adenoma and 10 normal thyroid tissue were respectively investigated by microwave-LSAB immunohistochemical technique. Results The positive rate of CD15 and bcl-2 in thyroid cancer was 68.0% and 46.0% respectively, which was significantly higher than that in adenoma or adjacent noncancerous (Ｐ＜0.05). The percentage of CD15 and bcl2 positive expression were found to be significantly correlated with the tumor metastasis (Ｐ＜0.05), but not correlated with histological feature. Expression of CD15 was significantly correlated with bcl-2.Conclusion Expression of CD15 and bcl-2 can be regarded as a parameter to evaluate tumor metastasis and prognosis of thyroid cancer.