Objective To explore the incidence, age distribution and change tendency of female breast cancer in urban Shenyang from 2000 to 2009. Methods The incidence data of female breast cancer recorded in Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2000 to 2009 were collected, and the incidence and standardized incidence of breast cancer were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 software. The incidence trend was analyzed by means of χ2 trend test and linear regression. Results The annual average crude incidence rate of female breast cancer in urban Shenyang from 2000 to 2009 was 46.03/100 000, while the annual average standardized incidence rate was 35.63/100 000, increased by 160.41% and 109.39% respectively during past 10 years, and the annual average increase was 11.22% and 8.56%, respectively. Both crude incidence rate and standardized incidence rate were in increasing trends with statistical significance (Plt;0.001). The crude incidence rate of the female at age of 50-64 showed a perpendicular rise trend, increased by 271.97%, and the annual average increase was 15.72%. The χ2 trend test and linear regression showed a significant difference (χ2=276.743, P=0.000; y= –22 355.560+11.205x, P=0.000). Conclusion The incidence of female breast cancer in urban Shenyang tends to rise with a younger-aged trend, and the female at age of 50-64 are commonly affected.
ObjectiveTo explore the influence of nursing interruption event intervention on the incidence of nursing risk events. MethodsIn January 2012, we carried out intervention on nursing interruption events. And general situation questionnaire was used on December 30th, 2011 (control group) and December 30th, 2012 (intervention group) respectively to investigate 190 clinical nurses. ResultsThe occurrence of the interruption events was positively correlated with the incidence of nursing risk events. Effective intervention significantly reduced the incidence of risk events (P<0.05). ConclusionEffective prevention of adverse outcomes caused by interruption events reduces the risk of nursing, improves the quality of care, and ensures the safety of the patient.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the incidence of internet addiction disorder among college students in China.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, VIP, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on incidence rate of college students’ internet addiction in China from inception to February 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed by Stata 16.0 software.ResultsA total of 65 cross-sectional studies involving 87 702 subjects were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: the overall incidence of college students’ internet addiction in China was 10.7% (95%CI 9.6% to 11.8%). The incidence of internet addiction from 2011 to 2018 (11.7%, 95%CI 10.2% to 13.2%) was higher than that from 2005 to 2010 (9.6%, 95%CI 8.1% to 11.1%). The incidence in male students (14.6%, 95%CI 13.1% to 16.0%) was higher than that in female students (6.9%, 95%CI 5.9% to 7.8%). The incidence of urban students (12.2%, 95%CI 9.3% to 15.2%) was higher than that of rural students (9.0%, 95%CI 7.3% to 10.6%). The incidence of students who were not satisfied with their major (16.2%, 95%CI 5.5% to 26.8%) was higher than that of satisfied (5.0%, 95%CI 1.3% to 8.8%). The incidence of students with poor academic performance (29.4%, 95%CI 11.9% to 47%) was higher than of excellent academic performance (4.1%, 95%CI 1.9% to 6.4%).ConclusionsThe incidence rate of internet addiction among college students in China shows an obvious upward trend. There are differences in the incidence rates of internet addiction among college students in different regions. The incidence rates of internet addiction are different among different genders, degree of satisfaction with their majors and academic achievements.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the trend of tuberculosis among Chinese students. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, CBM, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the incidence and trend of tuberculosis among students in China from inception to August 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 15.0 software. ResultsA total of 97 cross-sectional studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: the overall incidence of tuberculosis among students in China was 18.63 per 100 000 persons. The incidence in the northwest, south, northeast, north, east, central, and southwest 46.81, 11.22, 24.38, 12.77, 12.03, 18.95, and 39.26 per 100 000 persons, respectively. The incidence among university students, senior high school students, junior school students, and primary school students 38.17, 33.84, 8.85, and 1.68 per 100 000 persons, respectively. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that the incidence of tuberculosis among students in China is high. Among them, the incidence rate of tuberculosis in the central and western regions, universities and high school students is relatively high.
Incidence rate is a common effect measure. The incidence rate ratio refers to the ratio of two different incidence rates. It is used to compare the difference in the number of cases per unit person-time between two groups. RevMan software can not perform a meta-analysis with the incidence rate ratio as the effect size at present. A set of simulation data was used to demonstrate a meta-analysis process with the incidence rate ratio as the effect size by using the meta package of R Studio software in this article.
Objective To analyze the incidence and mortality of asthma in China from 1990 to 2019, and to explore the influence of age, period and cohort on the incidence and mortality of asthma. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database, the incidence and mortality of asthma in China from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed, and the time variation trend of age-standardized incidence and mortality was analyzed by using Joinpoint software, and the average annual variation percentage was calculated. The age-period-cohort model was constructed to analyze the influence of age, period and birth cohort on the incidence and mortality trend of asthma. Results In 2019, the incidence of asthma in China was 264.44/100 000, and the mortality rate was 1.74/100 000. The incidence rate of asthma in males (300.94/100 000) and mortality rate (1.99/100 000) were higher than those in females (226.51/100 000 and 1.49/100 000). From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence of asthma in China showed a downward trend, but the trend was not statistically significant (P>0. 05), and the age-standardized mortality showed a downward trend, with an average annual decrease of 4.90%, with a statistically significant trend (P<0.05). The results of age effect showed that the incidence of asthma in China showed a downward trend, and the death first showed a downward trend, and then increased in the age group of 55-59. The results of period effect show that the risk of asthma is decreasing, and then it is increasing from 2015 to 2019, and the risk of asthma mortality is decreasing. The results of cohort effect show that the later people are born, the lower the risk of asthma onset and death. The death of asthma is attributed to behavioral risk, high body mass index and tobacco, and the occupational risk tends to decrease. ConclusionsFrom 1990 to 2019, the incidence and mortality of asthma in China showed a decreasing trend, and the incidence and mortality of men were higher than that of women. The risk factors of behavioral risk, high body mass index and tobacco were still on the rise, so corresponding measures should be taken to carry out early screening, early detection, and early treatment for key populations.