ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors for tracheal stenosis caused by tracheotomy or intubation.MethodsFrom July 2010 to July 2020, a total of 44 patients were suffered with tracheal stenosis caused by tracheotomy or intubation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University as case group (n=44), and 34 patients were suffered tracheotomy or intubation without tracheal stenosis as control group (n=34). The clinical application of intratracheal tube cuff diameter was investigated by univariate comparison, ROC analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed intratracheal tube cuff diameter (C)/transverse diameter at the level of the clavicle >150%, intubation time>7d, tracheal intubations/tracheostomy ≥2, recurrent respiratory tract infections and replacement of tracheal tube≥ 2 were the influence factors of posttracheostomy tracheal stenosis (PTTS) and postintubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) (P<0.005). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed C/T>150% (OR=6.681, 95%CI: 1.164 - 38.363), intubation time>7d (OR=4.723, 95%CI: 1.413 - 15.779), tracheal intubations/tracheostomy ≥2 (OR=4.526, 95%CI: 1.133 - 18.083) and recurrent respiratory tract infections (OR=3.681, 95%CI: 1.177 - 11.513) were positively correlated with PTTS and PITS. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of C/T>150% was 0.665 with the sensitivity of 0.364 and the specificity of 0.033 (95%CI: 0.555 - 0.775). AUC of intubation time>7 d was 0.717 with the sensitivity of 0.568 and the specificity of 0.133 (95%CI: 0.613 - 0.821). AUC of tracheal intubations/tracheostomy ≥2 was 0.683 with the sensitivity of 0.432 and the specificity of 0.067 (95%CI: 0.574 - 0.791). AUC of recurrent respiratory tract infections was 0.707 with the sensitivity of 0.614 and the specificity of 0.200 (95%CI: 0.603 - 0.811). However, there was no statistically significant difference C/T>150% and those clinical data in Z test (Z=0.839, P=0.402; Z=0.302, P=0.763; Z=0.751, P=0.453).ConclusionIntubation time>7 d, tracheal intubations/tracheostomy ≥2, recurrent respiratory tract infections, replacement of tracheal tube≥ 2 and C/T>150% are risk factors for PTTS and PITS.