【Abstract】 Objective To discuss the impact of adi pose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) combined with vascular bundle implantation on vascularized tissue engineering scaffolds in vivo so as to provide a theoretical basis for the repair ofavascular necrosis of the femoral head. Methods ADSCs were isolated from 4-month-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats andcultured, then were induced to osteogenesis and identified. ADSCs at the 3rd passage were seeded on the nano-hydroxyapatide/ polyamide-66 (nHA/PA66) to prepare the composite scaffolds. The compound condition of cells and scaffold materials were observed under scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Twenty-four 4-month-old SD rats (weighing 350-400 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8). In group A and group B, the inferior epigastric artery and vein of rats were implanted into composite scaffold cultured for 10 days or simple nHA/PA66 scaffold, respectively. In group C, two composite scaffolds cultured for 10 days were embedded into quadriceps femoris muscle of both thighs, respectively. After 2 and 4 weeks of operation, angiogenesis was observed by HE staining and CD34 immunohistochemical staining. Results Cells isolated from adi pose were identified as ADSCs. SEM showed that the number of cells increased after being cultured for 10 days, cell morphology stretched fully with a shape of long spindle. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining showed that a large number of angiogenesis was observed around the implanted artery and vein in group A, which was superior to groups B and C in the number of blood vessels and the maturity of blood vessel wall. After 2 and 4 weeks of operation, the blood vessel density and blood vessel diameter were significantly higher in group A than in group B and group C, and in group B than in group C (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion Combined application of ADSCs and vascular bundle implantation can promote the degree of vascularization, which could make the scaffold vascularization rel iable.