ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of surgical intervention combined with endoscopic ultrasound-guided transluminal drainage in the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN). MethodsA retrospective, historical control study was conducted. A total of 98 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) complicated with IPN who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were admitted to the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu from June 2016 to January 2023 were selected as the research objects. The endoscopic ultrasound-guided transluminal drainage was carried out in our hospital in June 2020. In this study, patients treated before May 2020 were divided into the non-EUS group (52 cases), and patients treated after June 2020 were divided into the EUS group (46 cases). The baseline data, surgical intervention, length of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, infection time, incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), survival situation, short-term and long-term complications, and other indicators were compared between the two groups. ResultsThe number of percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD, 1.0 vs. 1.0), the number of PCD drainage tube (1.0 vs. 2.0), the number of retroperitoneal debridement drainage (1.0 vs. 2.0), the total length of hospital stay (42.0 d vs. 45.5 d), the length of ICU stay (11.0 d vs. 14.0 d), the length of infection time (10.5 d vs. 18.5 d), the incidences of MODS [43.5% (20/46) vs. 67.3% (35/52)] and residual infection [28.3% (13/46) vs.48.1% (25/52)] in the EUS group were shorter (or lower) than those in the non-EUS group (P<0.05); but there were no significant differences in the number of endoscopic pancreatic stent implantation, the number of laparotomy, the number of laparoscopic surgery, and the incidences of abdominal bleeding, gastrointestinal fistula, gastrointestinal obstruction, chronic pancreatic fistula, chronic pancreatitis and incisional hernia between the two groups (P>0.05). ConclusionFor patients with AP complicated with IPN, surgical intervention combined with endoscopic ultrasound-guided transluminal drainage can reduce the number of PCD and drainage tube, shorten the total length of hospital stay, the length of ICU stay and infection, as well as reduce the incidences of MODS and residual infection.