Objective To review recent studies on the research advance of the relationship between RET proto-oncogene and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Methods The literatures in recent years on the structure of RET gene and coding product,cell signal transduction,relationship between RET proto-oncogene and differentiated thyroid carcinoma were reviewed. Results RET gene encoding tyrosine kinase receptor,involving in cell signal transduction,rearrangement of RET gene was frequently seen in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Conclusion Rearrangement of RET gene was closely correlated with the occurrence and progress of differentiated thyroid carcinoma,RET gene may be considered as a new therapeutic target for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
Objective To review the recent studies on the multidrug resistance of breast cancer. Methods The literatures of recent years on the studies of multidrug resistance, multidrug resistance protein and breast cancer resistance protein were reviewed. Results Multidrug resistance resulted from multiple factors. How to identify the sensibility of chemotherapy drugs and select individual therapeutic regime early were important to improve the survival rate and life quality of breast cancer patients. Conclusion These studies on multidrug resistance of breast cancer are helpful to predicting the effect and outcome of chemotherapy and overcoming the barrier of drug resistance.
The most important difference between systematic review and traditional narrative review lies in their respective quality, namely the degree of bias control. Generally speaking, the sources of bias include the process of literature searching, study selection, data extraction and original studies. A systematic review may greatly reduce bias, as it takes effective steps such as developing search strategies, undertaking funnel plot analysis, using established criteria for study selection, and assessment of the methodology quality of studies. All these help to control, identify and, describe the possible bias.
目的:研究O型RhD阳性孕妇(其丈夫为非O型)血清IgG抗-A(抗-B)抗体效价与新生儿溶血病(HDN)的关系。方法:应用微柱凝胶技术对382例O型RhD阳性孕妇进行了免疫性IgG抗A(B)抗体效价检测及对其新生儿进行HDN(①新生儿ABO、Rh系统定型;②新生儿直抗实验;③游离IgG测定;④放散实验)的检测。结果:382例O型RhD阳性孕妇中IgG抗-A(B)效价lt;64者330例(占总数86.39%),抗体效价≥64者13.61%。其中发生HDN 5例,抗-A 3例,抗-B12例,总发生率1.31%.结论:夫妇血型不合应及时检测孕妇IgG抗体,随着孕妇体内IgG抗体效价的增高,新生儿ABO溶血病的发病率也随之升高。孕妇产前应定时进行IgG抗体检测,了解效价与新生儿溶血病发病率之问的关系,对于预防新生儿溶血病极为有效。
Objective To investigate the effect of steroid receptor coactivator family in initiation, development, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods The literatures in recent years which have related to the effect of steroid receptor coactivators in breast cancer are reviewed. Results Steroid receptor coactivators are essential for several kinds of steroid hormones binding to steroid receptors, so they are important accessory factors that induce the initiation, development and recurrence of breast cancer, and predictive factors that estimate the prognosis of breast cancer. Conclusion Inhibition of the expression and signaling pathway of steroid receptor coactivators may be effective for breast cancer prevention and treatment.
Objective To review the recent studies on the suppressing function of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) in breast cancer metastasis. Methods The recent literatures on the mechanisms of BRMS1 in the breast cancer that were published in and abroad were reviewed and summarized. Results BRMS1, similar to the other anti-metastasis genes, only suppresses the metastasis of breast cancer cells but has nothing to do with the growth of tumor. BRMS1 could suppress metastasis of tumor cells by reestablishing both the homospecific and the heterospecific gap junctional intercellular comminications (GJIC) and by altering the expressions of relevant metastasis genes in the breast cancer. Conclusion Further studies on BRMS1 may be helpful to understand the metastasis of breast cancer, which may provide a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
ObjectiveTo summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment on primary gastric lymphoma. MethodsThirtyseven patients, proved by pathology, were included in the study. ResultsAmong clinical presentation, the upper abdominal pain, intestinal bleeding, and weight loss were common. Only 4 cases were diagnosed as PGL in 33 cases with the examination of Xray barium meal, 88.5% ( 23 of 26 cases) were missdiagnosed as gastric ulcer under gastroscopy. All cases underwent operation, among them 33 had been performed a radical operation. The survival period was over 5 years in 12 of 25 patients who have been followed up. ConclusionThe multiple biopsy sampling from submucosal layer via gastroscope may improve diagnostic rate on primary gastric lymphoma. Operative removal of the tumor should be the first choice of treatment. Additional chemotherapy after the surgery increases the fiveyear survival rate.
Objective To observe the changes of basement membrane (BM) during carcinogenic change of the atypical hyperplasia of the mammary. MethodsSP immunohistochemical method and two special stain method (Foot and PAS stain method) and the electron microscope were used to observe the changes of the BM. Results BM already changed in atypical hyperplasia grade Ⅱ, and more significantly changed in atypical hyperplasia grade Ⅲ. BM was thinner or thicker somewhere distinctively under the microscope, and some little deletions were observed under the electron microscope in atypical hyperplasia grade Ⅲ, and there was no BM in breast cancer.Conclusion The change procedure of BM was correlated with the changes of the epithelial, atypical hyperplasia. The changes of BM in the atypical hyperplasia are a part of the carcinogenic procedure from the epithelial atypical hyperplasia of the mammary.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the significance of cyclin D1 and p53 protein expression in synchronous breast carcinoma and fibrosarcoma in rats. Methods Immunohistochemical SP methods was used to study the expression of cyclin D1 and p53 in synchronous breast carcinoma and fibrosarcoma induced by DMBA in rats.Results There was no expression of cyclin D1 and p53 in normal breast tissue. In atypical hyperplasia of mammary, there was overexpression of cyclin D1(7/14) and no expression of p53. The overexpression of cyclin D1 and p53 were detected in breast carcinoma (8/18,7/18 respectively) and fibrosarcoma (9/14,5/14 respectively). There was no expression of cyclin D1 and p53 in adjacent sarcoma.The expression of cyclin D1 and p53 protein was associated with histological grading, and showed inverse relation between them. Conclusion There are cyclin D1 and p53 protein overexpression in the synchronous breast carcinoma and fibrosarcoma induced by DMBA in rats. Cyclin D1 may paticipate in the course of the carcinogenesis of breast carcinoma and fibrosarcoma in rats, and p53 protein overexpression may relate to the degree of malignancy of the tumors.
Objective To summarize the current research progress of endoscopic/robotic surgery for breast cancer, so as to provide theoretical basis for surgeons and patients to choose surgical methods. Method The relevant literatures on breast cancer endoscopic/robotic surgery at home and abroad in recent years were summarized and reviewed. Results Endoscopic/robotic surgery for breast cancer had the advantages of low intraoperative bleeding, fewer postoperative complications, fast postoperative recovery, good cosmetic results and high patient satisfaction. Conclusions Endoscopic/robotic surgery is a safe and feasible surgical modality and a complement to traditional open breast surgery.